Vivaldi

Question 1

What are the three main features of Vivaldis chord vocabulary?

Answer 1

Triads in root position
Triads in first inversion
seventh chords

Question 2

Which harmonic devise is used frequently?

Answer 2

circle of 5ths

Question 3

how is the harmony embellished?

Answer 3

passing notes

Question 4

what adds harmonic strength?

Answer 4

suspensions

Question 5

what type of devise is a canon?

Answer 5

contrapuntal

Question 6

what other textures appear in movement one

Answer 6

canon/contrapuntal

homophonic

Question 7

what is the texture of movement 2?

Answer 7

3 bar Adagio = homophonic

rest is contrapuntal

Question 8

what does the improvised accompaniment do?

Answer 8

It ‘fills out’ the two part outline

Question 9

what is the texture of movement 3?

Answer 9

Mel-dom-hom

Question 10

what is the texture of movement 4?

Answer 10

mel-dom-hom with some variety

Question 11

where is the contrapuntal interest in movement 4?

Answer 11

at the start during the imitation

Question 12

what is the point in the ripieno?

Answer 12

to double the violins/cello

Question 13

what is the main distinction of the waltz?

Answer 13

between the concertino and the ripieno

Question 14

did vivaldi include dynamics?

Answer 14

Yes, but few as was the convention of the time

Question 15

how does vivaldi create echo effects?

Answer 15

The piano and flute at the end of movement 2

Question 16

Why is there pp in movement 3?

Answer 16

the solo part isn’t over shadowed

Question 17

How does vivaldi achieve a robust ending?

Answer 17

the closing f

Question 18

what is a concerto?

Answer 18

generally a 3 movement work for a single instrument soloist and orchestra

Question 19

what did a concerto grosso involve?

Answer 19

alteration between soloists and orchestra

Question 20

what do ‘concertino’ and ‘tutti’ mean?

Answer 20

‘concertino’ are the soloists

‘tutti’ means everyone

Question 21

what are the concertino instruments?

Answer 21

violin 1 and 2 and the cello

Question 22

what are the four movements of the piece?

Answer 22

Allegro, Adagio, Largo, Allegro

Question 23

What key are the movements in?

Answer 23

Dm

Question 24

Briefly describe movement 1

Answer 24

opening - canon for concertino violins and cello solo

Question 25

briefly describe movement 2

Answer 25

three bar adagio in 'fugal' exposition

Question 26

briefly describe movement 3

Answer 26

ternary form with violin solo

Question 27

what is the emphasis on in movement 4?

Answer 27

soloists

Question 28

what is motivic writing?

Answer 28

short melodic patterns frequently repeated to provide musical unity

Question 29

does vivaldi repeat notes often?

Answer 29

Yes - frequently repeated note patterns

Question 30

Is the melody stepwise or leap-filled?

Answer 30

Both - stepwise movement, notably in scalic writing and leaps

Question 31

where are there a lot of arpeggiated patterns?

Answer 31

Beginning of movement 1

Question 32

describe the use of leaps

Answer 32

many small leaps - up to a 5th | occasional larger leaps such as an octave

Question 33

what creates interest in movement 4?

Answer 33

leaps vs repeated note pattern

Question 34

what i the tempo of the first and large movement?

Answer 34

allegro - convention of the time

Question 35

what are the two slower tempos in between?

Answer 35

Adagio and Largo

Question 36

what is the metre of movements 2 and 4?

Answer 36

4/4

Question 37

what is the metre of the opening?

Answer 37

3/4

Question 38

what is the metre of movement 3?

Answer 38

12/8

Question 39

give an example of rhythmic continuity

Answer 39

constant semiquaver movement

Question 40

what is movement 2 based on?

Answer 40

small rhythmic patterns

Question 41

what style is movement 3 in?

Answer 41

siciliana

Question 42

name the important rhythmic features of movement 3

Answer 42

siciliana pattern - dotted quaver, quaver, quaver

Question 43

how is there rhythmic differentiation in movement 4?

Answer 43

The cellos semiquavers vs the sparse accmpaniment

Question 44

What chord sequence outlines Adagio e Spiccato?

Answer 44

Circle of fifths | E7, A7, D7, G7, Eb, Cm, A7

Question 45

String quartet in Eb - 'the joke'

Answer 45

``` Haydn 1782 arco four part texture rondo form periodic phrasing arpeggios auxiliary notes chromaticism Functional dim.7ths pedals diminished chords demisemiquavers scotch snaps ```

Question 46

Brandenburg Concerto No.4 context Movement 1

Answer 46

Bach Concerto Grosso 1717

Question 47

Brandenburg concertos sonority

Answer 47

solo violin and 2 solo flutes ripieno and concertino recorders in place of flutes violone

Question 48

Brandenburg concertos texture

Answer 48

``` STRETTO Homophinic monophonic contrapuntal antiphonal ```

Question 49

Brandenburg concertos structure

Answer 49

Ritornello form | returning theme

Question 50

Brandenburg concertos tonality

Answer 50

G major | frequent modulations to related keys e.g dominant (D)

Question 51

Brandenburg concertos Harmony

Answer 51

``` Functional Circle of fifths sequence dissonances e.g 7ths chord per bar ```

Question 52

Brandenburg concertos Melody

Answer 52

``` groups of motifs repetition sequence inversion arpeggios 3 note scalic figures ```

Question 53

Brandenburg concertos rhythm

Answer 53

one dotted crotchet beat per bar continuous semiquavers syncopation hemiola

Question 54

Comparisons

Answer 54

``` the joke - Haydn Sonata 2 - Corelli Four Seasons (Spring) - Vivaldi Concerto for four violins in Bm- Vivaldi Brandenburg Concertos - J,S, Bach ```

Question 55

context

Answer 55

``` 1711 L'estro Armonico - 12 concertos first published in Amsterdam Baroque Strings only concerto = usually 3 movements (vivaldi does 4) concerto grosso = concertino and ripieno over 400 concertos and 40 operas real priest ```

Question 56

where did Vivaldi work?

Answer 56

1703 appointed violinist at an orphanage of illegitimate daughters of nobility - worked there for 30 years

Question 57

what does L'Estro Armonico mean?

Answer 57

Harmonic fancy

Question 58

Where was Vivaldi born?

Answer 58

Venice 1678

Question 59

Adagio e spiccato harmonic sequence

Answer 59

E7, A7, D7, G7, Eb, Cm, A7