Vocab

Question 0

Reification

Answer 0

Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing.

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Question 2

Factor analysis

Answer 2

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie ones total score.

Question 3

General intelligence (g)

Answer 3

A general intelligence factor that according to SPEARMAN and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.

Question 4

Charles Spearman

Answer 4

Helped develop factor analysis and believed in a general intelligence (g) factor.

Question 5

Thurstone

Answer 5

Disagreed with Spearman, mathematically identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities. (Word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory.)

Question 6

Gardner

Answer 6

Supports Thurstone’s idea of “primary mental abilities” but instead came up with 8 of his own clusters and also did studies of people with savant syndrome.

Question 7

Savant syndrome

Answer 7

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.

Question 8

Sternberg

Answer 8

Agrees with Gardner’s idea of multiple intelligences, But Sternberg had a triarchic theory that distinguishes 3 intelligences not 8.

Question 9

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 9

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Question 10

Creativity

Answer 10

The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.

Question 11

Intelligence test

Answer 11

A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.

Question 12

Mental age

Answer 12

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. i.e. A child that does as well as the average 8 year old is said to have a mental age of 8.

Question 13

Binet

Answer 13

Set out to find a measure that we now call mental age. This helped predict how well students will handle school work.

Question 14

Terman

Answer 14

Developed the foundations for am innate IQ. Adapted some of Binet’s original items, added others, and extended the upper end of the test’s range from teenagers to “superior adults”.

Question 15

Stanford-Binet

Answer 15

The new name given to Terman’s revision of Binet’s mental age tests.

Question 16

Intelligence Quotient

Answer 16

Originally defined as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100.

Question 17

Aptitude test

Answer 17

A test designed to predict a person’s future performance. Aptitude= the capacity to learn

Question 18

Achievement test

Answer 18

A test designed to assess what a person has learned.

Question 19

Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

Answer 19

Most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance subtests.

Question 20

Standardization

Answer 20

Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group.

Question 21

The Flynn Effect

Answer 21

WAIS Intelligence test performances have been rising since the 1930’s. The average persons score 80 years ago is the equivalent to a 76 today.

Question 22

Normal curve

Answer 22

The symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. AP stats

Question 23

Reliability

Answer 23

The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting.

Question 24

Validity

Answer 24

The extent of the accuracy of a test predicting what it’s supposed to.

Question 25

Content validity

Answer 25

The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest

Question 26

Criterion

Answer 26

The behavior that a test is designed to predict; thus the measure is used in defining whether the test has a predictive validity.

Question 27

Predictive validity

Answer 27

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict

Question 28

Mental retardation

Answer 28

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 and below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life.

Question 29

Down syndrome

Answer 29

A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup.

Question 30

Stereotype threat

Answer 30

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.