Vocabulary Chapter 13

Question 1

Creaming

Answer 1

Selecting offenders who have positive parental and social supports, limited prior criminal records, and a record of relatively minor crimes.

Question 2

Graduated Sanctions

Answer 2

Increased penalties for criminal offenses.

Question 3

Justice by Geography

Answer 3

Significant differences in the severity of sentences among urban, suburban, and rural counties in the US.

Question 4

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Answer 4

Division of the USDOJ that acts as a clearing house for research and program development that affects juveniles in the US.

Question 5

Parens Patriae

Answer 5

Literally the state as parent. Notion borrowed from English law that the courts would act on behalf of orphaned or dependent children.

Question 6

Public Order Offenses

Answer 6

Minor crimes such as gambling, drunk and disorderly, urinating in public, vagrancy, and vandalism.

Question 7

Restorative Justice

Answer 7

After the commission of a crime, there is an attempt by the criminal justice system to move away from harsh justice and an attempt to restore balance among a victim and perpetrator.

Question 8

Risk Assessment Instruments

Answer 8

Help correctional professionals determine the degree to which an individual convicted of a crime will reoffend and their potential to be rehabilitated.

Question 9

State-Raised Youths

Answer 9

Person who has been shuffled from foster care to group homes and juvenile detention facilities. By the time they are adolescents, they have little regard for conventional lifestyles or life in the “free world”.

Question 10

Status Offences

Answer 10

Acts that are unlawful because of the individuals’ age (e.g., cigarette sales, underage drinking, and vagrancy).

Question 11

Waivers

Answer 11

Transfers of juveniles charged with a crime from juvenile criminal justice system to an adult court.