W -16 - Fluid/Electrolyte Flashcards

Question

Hypernatremia - skin feels?

Answer 1

Skin dry increased temp

Answer 2

cool and clammy

Answer 3

Fluid loss GI loss Suctioning (NG tube) Bleeding NPO limited to no access to water Third Spacing -- (ascites - fluid buildup in tummy) (burn patients - large blisters)

Answer 4

acute weight loss decreased skin turgor oliguria <400-500 ml UO 24h Concentrated Urine Orthostatic Hypotension Weak rapid heart rate flattened neck veins Increased temp Cool Clammy SKin Thirst Anorexia / nausea

Answer 5

Low fluid volume Low hydrostatic Pressure Low Blood Pressure High Heart rate Low perfusion = to brain = confusion skin = cool and clammy kidneys = low UO Weak pulse orthostatic hypotension - dizzy UO low and increased concentration

Answer 6

More concentration = of solutes Serum Osmolality Serum Na Urin Sp Gravity BUN HGB & HCT High: HCT -- hematocrit - RBCs HGB - hemoglobin BUN -- blood urea nitrogen NA (if dehydration)

Answer 7

4500 - 11,0000 from 4 - 11, WBCs in heaven

Answer 8

4.5 - 5.5 RBCs thrive at 4.5

Answer 9

150,000 - 450,000 expensive china plates cost $150-450

Answer 10

maintains blood volume and blood pressure Sodium Swells (retains water) Sodium Think - BRAIN - neuro changes Range 135 - 145

Answer 11

muscles contract - including the heart muscle Potassium Pumps Potassium Think Heart - cardia dysrhythmias - life-threatening can be Range 3.5 - 5.0

Answer 12

Heart function Blood clotting Bone formation Calcium think - Creating bone Calcium think Bones imbalances - leads to fractures Range 9 - 11

Answer 13

muscles and nerves stay healthy regulates energy levels Magnesium Manages Muscle Magnesium Think Calm and Sedated Magnesium acts like a sedative Range 1.5 - 2.5

Answer 14

create and maintain teeth & bones Repair cell and body tissue (cell walls) energy (ATP) Phosphorous think Perfect teeth helps body use vitamins to maintain teeth and bone health range 3.0 - 4.5

Answer 15

maintains acid-base balance controls fluid levels in cells Stomach Acid Chloride - think Carrying fluids range 96 - 108 High bicarb - low Cl, low Na. (metab alk) Low Bicarb - High Cl, High Na (metab acid)

Answer 16

Fried Salt F Flushed skin R Restless - confused NEURO CHANGES I Increased BP & fluid retention E Edema D Decreased UO S Skin is dry A Agitation L Low grade fever T Thirst

Answer 17

SALT LOSS S Stupor - Coma A Anorexia L Lethargy T Tachycardia L Limp muscles O Orthostatic hypotension S Seizures headaches NEURO CHANGES S Stomach cramping - hyperactive bowels

Answer 18

Increases sodium intake Loss of fluids from fever, burns, DI low water = Increased salt

Answer 19

limit salt IV fluids - iso or hypo

Answer 20

5 Ds Diaphoresis Diarrhea & vomiting Drains (suction) Diuretics Dilution - SIADH

Answer 21

Muscles contract for too long = tight & contracted Tall peaked T-waves MURDER M muscle cramps and weakness U Urine abnormalities R Respiratory Distress D Decreased cardiac contractility low HR BP E EKG changes - tall peaked T-waves R Reflexes low DTR

Answer 22

Generalized weakness in muscles Ned Has Many Strange Symptoms N N/V E EKG changes flattened T waves D Decreased DTR H Hypotension M Muscle weakness S Shallow breathing S slow GI - constipation

Answer 23

BACK ME B Bone Pain A Arrhythmias C Cardia arrest (bounding pulses) K Kidney Stones (renal calculi) M Muscle weakness E Excessive Urination

Answer 24

CATS GO NUMB C Convulsions/Seizures A Arrhythmias T Tetany S Spasms and Stridor GO NUMB - numbness in fingers.face. limbs Positive Trousseau's - BP cuff hand curls Positive Chvostek's - contraction cheek - cheeky smile when facial muscle touched

Answer 25

Low Everything - Sedated Low DTR Low Energy - drowsiness - coma Low HR Low BP Low RR Low Bowel Sounds

Answer 26

Ca & Mg direct related High Everything - NOT SEDATED High DTR High HR High BP shallow RR muscle twitching - paresthesias Tetany seizures Irritability & confusion Positive Trousseau's - BP cuff hand curls Positive Chvostek's - contraction cheek - cheeky smile when facial muscle touched

Answer 27

Calcium and Phosphate inverse Mice Always Dig Silently M Muscle spasms & Tetany ( A Arrhythmias D Dry nails/skin S Seizures

Answer 28

A Lion Often Wanders A Arrhythmias L Loss of appetite O Osteoporosis W Weakness, fatigue

Answer 29

All Iguanas Have Eggs A Arrhythmias I Increased fluid retention H Hypertension E Edema

Answer 30

Same as hyponatremia low Cl = low Na Mom Has a Toad and A Frog M Muscle Weakness H Hypotension T Tachycardia A Altered Mental Status F Fatigue

Answer 31

Volume Overload = CHF, water intoxication Metabolic Alkalosis. high bicarb (low CL) Salt Losses - burns, sweating, GI losses, Addison, cystic fibrosis

Answer 32

600-900 ml/day Skin Lungs GI Sweating

Answer 33

HYYPER VOLEMIA High fluid volume High hydrostatic Pressure High Blood Pressure High HR trying to compensate Edema - peripheral, pulmonary, cerebral Bounding pulse - JVD Increased UO

Answer 34

I&O. (w/in 600-900 - insensible losses) Weight daily (1 kg = 1000 mL fluid) (2.2 lb) Lab Values VS SKIN - turgor, edema, mucous membranes IV monitoring Respiratory (overload = crackles, pulmonary edema) Neurologic (high and low = confusion)

Answer 35

holding CO2 (high CO2 in blood) low RR Hypoventilation COPD impaired gas exchange due to: pulmonary embolism pulmonary edema Hypoxia Resp depression opioids Airway obstruction choking sleep apnea CONFUSION - Headache - leathargy Dysrrhythmia

Answer 36

Breathing off CO2 (low CO2 in blood) high RR Hyperventilation. - (paper bag) Afraid, anxious Fever, Septic Head trauma Mechanical Vent issue ALKALOSIS = numbness & Tingling

Answer 37

High Acid DKA not a lung problem (metabolic) lactic acidosis exercise seizure Alcohol Kidney Failure Lose too much base Diarrhea - excessive and prolonged

Answer 38

Base Excess too many antacids too much Na Bicarb given Lost Acid stomach acid vomiting low K+ ALKALOSIS = numbness & Tingling