W2 Ch10 Immune Function

Question 1

What are three lines of defense in immunity?

Answer 1

1. Physical and chemical barriers
2. Inflammatory response
3. Immune response

Question 2

What are 3 functions of the immune system?

Answer 2

1. defends body against invasion
2. Removes dead/damaged cells
3. Attempts to recognize/remove abnormal cells

Question 3

What enables the body to distinguish “self” from “non-self”?

Answer 3

specificity and memory

Question 4

What are two types of immune response?

Answer 4

innate immunity vs adaptive immunity

Question 5

What are some characteristics of innate immunity? (4)

Answer 5

1. Involves NL cells and phagocytes
2. inflammation
3. non-specific
4. Immediate response

Question 6

What are the purposes of inflammation?

Answer 6

1. increase the permeability of our vasculature so that the white blood cells get to the area and escape
2. Limit spread of invading agents
3. Prep damaged tissue for repair

Question 7

What is adaptive immuity

Answer 7

1. attacks specific antigens
   slower
2. effective to second exposure
3. involves B and T lymphocytes

Question 8

What are the mechanisms for adaptive immunity?

Answer 8

1. humoral immunity
2. cell-mediate immunity

Question 9

Where do lymphocytes come from?

Answer 9

Stem cells are made in the bone marrow
Bcells, mature in the bone marrow,
T cells, mature in the thymus

Question 10

What are the cells involved in cell mediated immunity?

Answer 10

Cell mediated immunity
Cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
suppressor T cells

Question 11

Cell mediated immunity involves what kind of cells?

Answer 11

Involves phagocytic cells attack the specific antigen mediated by T lymphocytes

Question 12

What is another name for cytotoxic T cells and what do they do?

Answer 12

CD8+
Bind to the surface of infected cells and just drop the membrane and destroy it before it can infect other cells?

Question 13

What do helper T cells do and what is its other name?

Answer 13

CD4+. They stimulate B cells to mature into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies. They are stimulated by phagocytic cells with MHC II that display antigens.

Question 14

What does suppressor T cells do?

Answer 14

They reduce the humoral response

Question 15

What do B lymphocytes turn into?

Answer 15

These lymphocytes turn into plasma, cells, or memory cells

Question 16

What do B lymphocytes to?

Answer 16

They become plasma cells, which secrete antibodies 

Question 17

What do memory cells do?

Answer 17

They fight future infections without the need of helper T cells

Question 18

What kind of immune response is a vaccination?

Answer 18

It’s an example of a primary immune

Question 19

What kind of immune response are booster shots?

Answer 19

These are a type of secondary immune response, so antibody levels will be high before the disease is encountered

Question 20

IGG makes up what kind of antibody

Answer 20

Makes up about 80% of plasma antibodies. It is most major antibacterial and antiviral antibodies causes placenta smallest
easily leaves the bloodstream to interstitial fluids.

Question 21

IgA

Answer 21

Found in bodily secretions (saliva, sweat, teachers, mucus, and bile_protects against respiratory and G.I. infection

Question 22

IgM

Answer 22

First antibodies produced during an immune response, major antibody on B cell surfaces

Question 23

IgE

Answer 23

Initiates inflammatory and allergic reactions

Question 24

IgD

Answer 24

Primarily found on the surface of the cells

Question 25

What are some common immune disorders?

Answer 25

Excessive mean response and deficient immune response

Question 26

Auto immunity

Answer 26

immune system, attaches to own tissues, caused by an amber normal, excessive immune response towards it ow tissues

Question 27

Type I hypersensitivity involves what kind of Ig?

Answer 27

IgE

Question 28

What are some pro inflmmatory mediators?

Answer 28

that are released include prostaglandins interleukins leukotrienes and histamine

Question 29

Histamine causes

Answer 29

things like increased vascular permeability vasodilation and both of these will lead to hypotension a drop in BP, urticaria, bronchoconstriction, increased mucus secretion

Question 30

Treatment for type I hypersensitivity

Answer 30

antihistamine beta-adrenergics-decrese broncoconstriction to corticosteroids- decrease inflamatory response anticholniergics- block parasympathetic IgE therapy- inhibits binding of IgE to mast cells epinephrine= adrenergic agent

Question 31

Type II hypersensitivity aka

Answer 31

tissue specific or cytotoxic or cytolytic hypersensitivity and it occurs

Question 32

How is Type II hypersensitivity activated?

Answer 32

via the complement system

Question 33

What is an example of Type II hypersensitvity?

Answer 33

blood transfusion or RH- mothers and RH+ babies

Question 34

Type III hypersensitivity aka

Answer 34

Immune complex reaction

Question 35

What happens in type III hypersensitivity?

Answer 35

our immune system and phagocytic system really fail to effectively remove antigen immune complexes and the antigen-antibody gets stuck in ties, which activates complement and chemoattraction of neutrophils

Question 36

What is an example of Type III hypersensitivity?

Answer 36

Examples-inflammatory renal disorder

Question 37

What is deficient immune response?

Answer 37

lymphocytes or antibodies or phagocytes or complement proteins there's a decrease in the immune

Question 38

What is deficient immune example?

Answer 38

HIV

Question 39

What are signs of deficient immune response?

Answer 39

get sick often

Question 40

What is a primary immunodeficiency disorder?

Answer 40

congenital, genetic, or acquired secure recurrent, unusual or unmanageable infections

Question 41

What is causes second immunodeficiency disorder?

Answer 41

Excessive or defective neuroendocrine responses, stress, poor nutrition, stress, drugs, other medications

Question 42

The CDC recommends that HIV antibody testing takes place:

Answer 42

three months so body can make antibodies