W4-T2 Pyschological Approach 2: Beyond individual to couple, family and group

Question 1

explain history of systemic therapy

Answer 1

shifted from internal to external appraoch

Question 2

what is systemic therapy argument

Answer 2

pathology and problems fundamentally interpersonal as opposed to invidual

Question 3

the pioneer of systemic therapy

Answer 3

Palo Alto Mental Research Institute
(Batson, Jackson, Weakland, Haley)

Question 4

what are the elements of systemic therapy

Answer 4

anthropological observation
social system theory
family of schizophrenia patients

Question 5

name 3 arguments of communication presented by the palo alto group

Answer 5

all behaviour is communication
Communication at the content level (surface)
communication at intent level (meta-communication)

Question 6

how symptoms of schizophrenia function according to the palo alto group

Answer 6

to maintain homeostatic balance in the family

Question 7

explain the theory of double-bind communication

Answer 7

contradictory message in communication in the family – the patient feeling confused in effort of interpreting the message – become a symptom of schizophrenia

Question 8

what Theodore Lidz study summarized

Answer 8

many schizo patients reported unhealthy relationships with family (especially their father)
led the focus to the role of family in the developmental and maintenance of psychological distress

Question 9

name the main idea of the tenets of systemic therapy

Answer 9

human don’t exist in a vacuum, but in the relation with significant people in their lives

Question 10

the goal of psychotherapy in the systemic therapy

Answer 10

not to cure, but to strengthen relationships, make disturbing symptoms less problematic

Question 11

define cultural background to systemic therapy

Answer 11

reality is socially constructed by individuals
meaning of individual attachment to an object/concept are socially agreed convention

Question 12

what is the argument of cultural background to systemic therapy

Answer 12

can you define normality?
how does subjectivity impact diagnosis

Question 13

how all unit interconnected according to systemic therapist

Answer 13

in circle and not linear

Question 14

why structural family therapy considered revolutionary

Answer 14

deviate from individual focus and intrapsychic model

Question 15

what was the essence of the milan school

Answer 15

2nd order SFT

Question 16

what Dallos and Draper proposed for the 4th order SFT

Answer 16

integration between intrapsychic and interpersonal

Question 17

the main emphasis of the 3rd order SFT

Answer 17

role language in shaping meaning

Question 18

elements of SFT

Answer 18

boundaries and structure
hierarchy structure
decision-making process
subsystem
transactional pattern

Question 19

how boundary can impact family dynamic

Answer 19

too rigid, or too enmeshed,
lead to the system’s failure to realign, and power imbalances.

Question 20

element of 1st order SFT (systemic family therapy) that differ from the main idea of SFT

Answer 20

interactional dynamic
power struggle
problem comes when family need to change and reorganise at key transitional stages

Question 21

the core understanding of systemic family therapy approach

Answer 21

dysfunctional family needs symptomatic bahaviour (children, scapegoat) as a stabilizing device to remove stress

Question 22

two examples of dysfunctional family according to systemic family therapy

Answer 22

conflict detouring - identified patient (scapegoat) needed for stability and for the family to avoid their own problem
incongruous hierarchy - identified patient uses the symptom to gain power and control

Question 23

what is the 2nd order SFT (The Milan School) argues

Answer 23

family relationship defined through communication ( lack communication created prejudice)
value, background attitude and culture are essential element in making meaning
family is meaning maker
family tell stories that organize experience

Question 24

why milan school theory rejected by second order cybernatics

Answer 24

function of system not discover, and only exist in the eye of observer

Question 25

Milan school development

Answer 25

1. sought to create new linguistic terms to open a new perspective and meaning, leading to new thought and behaviour
2. argues that mental phenomena are the social issue and not individually rooted
3. e.g. Checcin (94) : when a problem reframed in a positive and social light, able to see a problematic boy was actually holding on to the memories of his grandfather - remove guilt and blame from the boy’s bahaviour

Question 26

what is the technique of the greek chorus

Answer 26

way mirror – offer input to support, confuse, challenge and confront family while remain at a distance

Question 27

How SFT shifted to the 3rd phase

Answer 27

growing realisation that the development of problems is fundamentally shaped by culture and language,
which actually define power – move towards social constructionist theory

Question 28

describe the argument in the 3rd phase by Anderson and Goolishian

Answer 28

problem is not within the family’s dynamics or structure, but rather in the way the discussion about these problems have become
saturated – goal is to enable families to construct alternative narratives

Question 29

what are the influential approach from the 3rd phase

Answer 29

narrative theory – there is a dominant psychobiological paradigm that locates problems within individuals
feminist perspective

Question 30

key technique in narrative theory

Answer 30

externalisation

Question 31

define attachment narrative therapy

Answer 31

combine secure-insecure attachment style, dysfunctional family dynamic, boundaries and narrative theory