Water Concept Flashcards
How many features in water? Preconditions?
8 water features, 5 preconditions (30-34)
What % of water is the human body
more than 2/3
How much water should women and men drink?
W - 2.7 L
Men - 3.7 L
How many deaths annually attributed to unsafe water?
2 million
30 - Fundamental Water Quality -
What are the two major indicators for the presence of other contaminants?
Turbidity and total Coliforms
What are the limits for Turbidity and Microorganisms?
Turbidity - less than 1.0 NTU
Zero Total Coliforms
31 - Inorganic Dissolved Metals: 6 water contaminants
ArMeNiAn Cole
Arsenic Mercury Nickel Antimony Copper Lead
Which filtration is used for dissolved metals?
Reverse Osmosis or KDF
32 - Organic Pollutants (from Industrial activities): 8 water contaminants
PCBs Benzene Styrene Vinyl Chloride Ethylbenzene Toluene Xylenes TCE
32 - Organic Pollutants - what 3 main adverse health effects?
- cancer
- immune deficiencies
- nervous system damage
33 - Ag contaminants: what % of surface streams and groundwater contaminated in the ’90s
all streams in ag/urban/mixed use areas; 30-60% of groundwater
33 - Ag contaminants -
water must meet limits for what 4 chemicals and which fertilizer?
- Atrazine (pesticide - endocrine disruptor/cariovascular)
- Simazine
- Glyphosate (kidney and reproductive problems)
- 2,4-D
- Nitrates less than 10 mg/L
34 - Public Water Additives:
what are the limits for two disinfectants?
- chlorine 0.6 mg/l and
2. chloramine 4 mg/L
34 - Public Water Additives:
what are the limits for two disinfectant byproducts (cancer & kidney damage)
- trihalomethanes (THM) 0.08 mg/L and
2. halocetic acids (HAAs) 0.06 mg/L
34 - Public Water Additives:
what are the limits for flouride?
less than 4.0 mg/L
35 - Periodic Drinking Water Quality Testing (optimization)
how often is testing done and reports submitted?
tested quarterly
reports submitted annually, kept for 3 years
35 - Periodic Drinking Water Quality Testing -
which 4 dissolved metals?
CoMe LeAr
Copper, Mercury, Lead, Arsenic,
36 - Water Treatment to maintain high quality -
What are the 4 types of contaminants and removal technique for each?
1 - organic compounds / activated carbon
2 - sediments / filter pore size 1.5 um or less
3 - microbial / UVGI
4 - Legionella / hazard analysis
37 - Drinking water Promotion -
what are the 7 dissolved minerals in addition to TSS that affect taste?
1 - Aluminum 2 - Chloride 3 - Manganese 4 - Sodium 5 - Iron 6 - Sulfate 7 - Zinc
37 - Drinking water Promotion -
Where should water dispensers be located?
within 100 ft of all parts of regularly occupied space
How often are water dispenser parts cleaned?
daily - mouthpieces, protective guards, basins
quarterly - outlet screens and aerators
