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Physics (GCSE Combined Science AQA: Trilogy) > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of waves?

A

Transverse - at right angles to the direction of energy transfer
longitudinal - parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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2
Q

Frequency

A

The number of waves passing a fixed point per second measured in hertz

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum height of a wave from the middle of a wave to its peak is trough.

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4
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from one point on a wave to the equivalent point in the next wave in metres

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5
Q

Period

A

The time taken for one complete oscillation in seconds

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Wave speed

A

The speed at which the energy is transferred

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8
Q

Ripple tank experiment

A
  1. Time how long it takes one wave to travel the length of the tank using speed = distance/time
  2. Count then number of waves passing a fixed point in a second to find the frequency
  3. Use a ruler to measure the peak to peak to estimate the wavelength
  4. Use a stroboscope to make the same measurements and compare the results
    Control: water depth
    Errors: stroboscope is more accurate
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9
Q

Speed and wavelength are … proportional

A

Directly

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10
Q

What changes when waves are transmitted from one medium to another?

A

Speed and wavelength
Frequency doesn’t change as the same number of waves are still being produced by the source per second

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11
Q

Refractive index

A

The way in which a material affects refraction.
The bigger the refractive index, the slower the light travels through the material.

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12
Q

Refraction is due to

A

The difference in the wave speed in the different media

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13
Q

When a light wave enters at an angle a medium in which it travels slower…

A

The first part of the light wave to enter the medium slows down
The rest of the wave continues at the higher speed
This caused the wave to change direction, towards the normal

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14
Q

Investigating reflection and refraction

A
  1. Set up the equipment
  2. Draw around the semicircular block
  3. Mark the position of the light at the start, at the end, and where it enters and exits the block
  4. Remove the block and connect the marks to show the light rays
  5. Repeat on a new piece of paper for a range of incident angles
  6. Repeat the experiment with blocks made of different transparent materials
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15
Q

What is the range of human hearing?

A

20Hz - 20kHz

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16
Q

Why is the range of human hearing limited?

A

By the frequencies at which the ear drum can vibrate

17
Q

Waft are examples of sound waves being converted to vibration?

A

In the ear drum
A microphone
Glass shattering opera singer

18
Q

What is a normal?

A

A line drawn at right-angles to the surface at the point of origin.

19
Q

A light wave travels from one medium to another and as it crosses the boundary it speeds up. In which direction does the light ray turn?

A

Away from the normal

20
Q

Medium

A

A material through which a wave can be transmitted

21
Q

Time period

A

The time for one complete oscillation or the time for one wavelength of a wave to pass

22
Q

How do radio waves reaching a car aerial produce signals in the electrical circuit of the car radio?

A

Car aerial absorbs radio waves
Electrons are made to vibrate
Creating an alternating current

23
Q

What is a wave?

A

A vibration about an undisturbed point.
They transfer energy from one place to another.

24
Q

What is a mechanical wave?
What is an electromagnetic wave?

A

Oscillations of particles and transfer energy through a medium
Electromagnetic waves are oscillations of electrical and magnetic fields and also transfer energy

25
Q

Describe the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible light
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma ray
Wavelength gets shorter / frequency and energy increase

26
Q

What is refraction?

A

A change in direction when a wave’s speed changes as it moves through one substance into another.

27
Q

What is a wave front?

A

A line that joins all the points on a wave that are moving up and down together at the same time

28
Q

Describe dull black, shiny black, Matt white and shiny silver.

A

Emission worsens
Absorption worsens
Reflection improves

Physics (GCSE Combined Science AQA: Trilogy) (7 decks)

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