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WBC anomalies Flashcards

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1
Q

NUCLEAR ABNORMALITIES

A

Hyposegmentation
Hypersegmentation
Barr Body (Sex chromatin)

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2
Q

CYTOPLASMIC ABNORMALITIES

A

Alder Reilly Bodies
Auer Bodies
Chediak-Higashi Granules
Dohle Bodies
Toxic Granules
Toxic Vacuoles

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3
Q

ABNORMALITIES OF CELLS EXHIBITING PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

LE cells
Tart cells

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4
Q

Functional Abnormalities

A

Job Syndrome
Lazy Leukocytes Syndrome
Leukocyte Adhesion Disorder I
LAD II
LAD III

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5
Q

ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH LYMPHOCYTES

A

Atypical Lymphocytes
Basket Cell/ Smudge Cell
Hairy Cell
Sezary cell

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6
Q

ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PLASMA CELLS

A

Flame Cell
Russel bodies
Grape cell
Dutcher’s Bodies

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7
Q

MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS

A

Lipid Storage Diseases
Mucopolysaccharidosis

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8
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases

A

Gaucher Ds
Niemman-Pick Ds
Fabry Ds
Tay-Sachs Ds
Sandhoff Ds
Sea Blue Histocytes

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9
Q

Mucopolysaccharidosis

A

MPS I SEVERE
MPS I ATTENUATED
MPS II SEVERE
MPS III
MPS IV

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10
Q

BA of neutrophils, bilobed nuclei, dumbbell shaped/pince-nez
DA: I: Pelger-Huet Anomaly (Autosomal Disorder)
A:Pseudo Pelger-Huet Anomaly (Myelofibrosis)

A

Hyposegmentation

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11
Q

Abnormality in the mat. of N, abn in DNA synthesis
6 or more lobed nucleus
DA: I Undrits Anomaly
A: Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Hypersegmentation

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12
Q

Appendage represents the second X
chromosome in females (may be seen in
2-3% of neutrophils in females)
* NOT FOUND IN NORMAL MALE
* Small, well-defined, round projection of
nuclear chromatin that is connected to
the nucleus of the neutrophil by a single,
fine strand of chromatin

A

Barr Body

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13
Q

Large purple-black coarse cytoplasmic
granules
Accumulations of degraded
mucopolysaccharides
May resemble toxic granules, Cetyl
Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB):
used for differentiation → Turbidity
indicative of Alder Reilly bodies
DA:
* Alder-Reilly Anomaly (autosomal
recessive)
* Mucopolysaccharidoses
* Hurler’s syndrome
* Hunter’s syndrome

A

Alder Reilly Bodies

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14
Q
  • Pink or red rod-shaped
  • Formed from the fusion of primary
    granules
  • Normally found in the younger myeloid
    precursors → peroxidase positive
    DA:
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
  • Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
    (AMML)
A

Auer Rods

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15
Q
  • Giant red, blue to grayish round inclusions
  • Deficient in enzymes for phagocytosis
  • Seen in lymphocytes, neutrophil, and
    monocyte
  • Peroxidase and Sudan Black B positive
    DA: CH- Syndrome
A

Chediak-Higashi Granules

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16
Q
  • Amato bodies
  • Single or multiple blue cytoplasmic
    inclusions in the neutrophil that are
    aggregates of free ribosomes or RER
  • Often confused with May-Hegglin
    anomaly (the leukocyte inclusions in MayHegglin anomaly are composed of
    precipitated myosin chains)

DA: SI, TS,B

A

Dohle Bodies

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17
Q
  • Large purple to black azurophilic granules
    thought to be primary granules → shows
    increased ALP activity
  • Often present with Dohle bodies and toxic
    vacuoles
    DA: I,TS,B,M,CP
A

Toxic Granules

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18
Q
  • Large empty white areas within cytoplasm
    that represents end-stage phagocytosis
    DA: S,SI,TS
A

Toxic Vacuoles

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19
Q
  • A neutrophil with large purple
    homogenous round inclusions with nucleus
    wrapped around
  • Appear smooth and evenly stained
    DA: Lupus erythematous
A

LE cells

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20
Q
  • A monocyte with ingested lymphocyte
  • Appears rough and unevenly stained
A

Tart Cell

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21
Q

Neutrophils exhibit normal random activity (chemokinesis) but abnormal directional activity
(chemotaxis)

A

JOB SYNDROME

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22
Q

Random locomotion

23
Q

directed locomotion brought about by CHEMOTAXINS (chemotactic factors such as
endotoxins and other bacterial products, cytokines, and lymphokines)

24
Q

locomotion through unruptured walls of the blood vessels

25
Neutrophils have abnormal random and directional activity
Lazy Leukocytes Syndrome
26
Caused by decreased or truncated 𝜷2 integrin, needed for neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells and recognition of bacteria that leads to: o Recurrent infections o Neutrophilia o Lymphadenopathy o Splenomegaly o Skin lesions
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DISORDER-I (LAD-I)
27
Caused by decreased amount or function of selectin ligands and defective leukocyte recruitment * Clinical findings o Physical growth retardation o Coarse face and/or other physical deformities o Neurological defects o Recurring infections o Absent blood group H antigen
LAD II
28
Caused by defective protein Kindlin-3, needed for 𝜷 integrin activation and leukocyte rolling * Failed response to external signals that would normally result in leukocyte activation * Clinical findings: o Recurrent bacterial and fungal infections (less severe than LAD-I) o Decreased platelet GPIIbβ3 leading to bleeding
LAD III
29
Reactive lymphocytes/ variant lymphocytes/ transformed lymphocytes/ leukocytoid lymphocytes * DOWNY CELLS (classification by Dr. Hal Downey) TYPE I,II,III
Atypical Lymphocytes
30
* Turk’s irritation cells/Plasmacytoid lymphocytes * Characterized with a large block of chromatin
T I
31
* IM cell * Characterized by a round mass of chromatin * BALLERINA SKIRT appearance * Seen in Infectious Mononucleosis * Causative agent: Epstein-Barr virus * Characterized by lymphocytosis often mistaken as monocytosis (hence the name mononucleosis) * The atypical lymphocytes are T lymphocytes reacting to EBC-infected B lymphocytes
T II
32
* Vacuolated * “Swiss cheese” appearance * “Moth-eaten” appearance
T III
33
* White blood cells that have degenerated nucleus or ruptured cell in form of smudge or basket DA: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Basket/Smudge Cell
34
* B lymphocytes with hair like cytoplasmic projections surrounding the nucleus * Stain positive with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) DA: * Hairy cell leukemia (associated with Human T-lymphotropic virus Type II)
Hairy Cell
35
* Lymphocytes with T cell characteristics with nucleus that is grooved and have brain-like convolutions (“cerebri” form) DA: * Sezary syndrome (leukemic phase) * Mycosis fungoides (leukemic phase) * Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
SEZARY CELL
36
* Plasma cell with red to pink cytoplasm associated with increase in immunoglobulin (IgA) DA: * Multiple myeloma
Flame Cell
37
Individual globules of immunoglobulins seen in plasma cells
Russel Bodies
38
* Plasma cells that contains vacuoles and large protein globules (appearing like grapes) DA: * Multiple myeloma * Reactive states
Grape/Berry/Morula/Mott Cell
39
* Intranuclear protein inclusions
DUTCHER’S BODIES
40
DE: 𝛽-glucocerebrosidase Accumulation of: Glucocerebroside MA: * Wrinkled/clumped cytoplasm * “Cat-scratch” cytoplasm Others: Clinical triad used in the diagnosis: * Hepatomegaly * Gaucher cells in BM * Increased serum phosphate
GAUCHER DISEASE
41
DE:Sphingomyelinase Ao:Sphingomyelin MA:* Foamy cytoplasm
Niemann-Pick Ds
42
DE:a-galactosidase Ao:Ceramide trihexose
Fabry DS
43
DE:Hexosaminidase A Ao:GM2 ganglioside MA:* Vacuolated cytoplasm
TAY-SACHS DISEASE
44
MA: Blue Green Cytoplasm
Sea Blue Histocytes
45
DE:Rodak: Hexosaminidase A Hexosaminidase A & B Ao:Glycolipid Ganglioside MA:* Vacuolated cytoplasm
SANDHOFF DISEASE
46
Name:Hurler Syndrome Ao:a-I-iduronidase MA:* Dermatan sulfate * Heparan sulfate
MPS-I SEVERE
47
Name:Scheie Syndrome DE:a-I-iduronidase AS:* Dermatan sulfate * Heparan sulfate
MPS-I ATTENUATED
48
Name:Hunter's syndrome DE: Iduronate sulfatase AS:* Dermatan sulfate * Heparan sulfate
MPS-II SEVERE
49
MPS III Name:? DE:Heparan-N-sulfate AS:* Heparan sulfate
Sanfilippo Syndrome
50
MPS III Name:? DE:a-N-acetylglucosaminidase AS:* Heparan sulfate
SS TB
51
MPS III Name:? DE:Acetyl-coenzyme A a-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase AS:* Heparan sulfate
SS TC
52
MPS IV Name:? DE:Galactose-6-sulfatase AS:* Keratan sulfate * Chondroitin-6-sulfate
Morquio Syndrome Type A
53
MPS IV Name:? DE:𝛽-galactosidase AS: Keratan sulfate
Morquio Syndrome Type B

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