Week 1, Chapter 1 - Perspectives on Abnormal Behaviour

Question 1

What is behaviourism and the the behaviour model?

Answer 1

An explanation of human behaviour (including dysfunction) based on the principals of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology.

Question 2

Define Catharsis

Answer 2

Rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 3

What is the ‘course’ of a disroder

Answer 3

The pattern and development of change of a disorder over time

Question 4

The number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific time is called what?

Answer 4

the ‘incidence’ of a disorder

Question 5

What are “intrapsychic conflicts?”

Answer 5

A psychoanalytic term - the struggles among the Id, ego, and super ego.

Question 6

The 19th century effort to improve the care of mentally disordered by informing the public of their miss treatment was called?

Answer 6

Mental Hygiene Movement

Question 7

The 19th movement that involved treating patients as normally as possible in a normal environment was called?

Answer 7

Moral Therapy

Question 8

What is the word to match this description?
Obsolete psychodynamic term for a psychological disorder thought to result from unconscious conflicts and the anxiety they cause

Answer 8

Neurosis

Question 9

What is object relations theory?

Answer 9

Psychodynamic theory involving the study of how children incorporate the memories and values of people who are close and important to them

Question 10

What is the core basis of person-centred therapy?

Answer 10

The client, rather than the counselor, primarily direct the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility.

Question 11

What is the behavioural therapy technique called that seeks to deminish excessive fears by involving gradual exposure to feared stimulus paired with a positive coping experience (usually relaxation)

Answer 11

Systematic Desentiziation

Question 12

What are the key elements of Systematic Desentisization therapy?

Answer 12

Diminishing excessive fears through gradual exposure paired with positive coping experience (usually relaxation)

Question 13

What is the psychoanalytic term of Transference?

Answer 13

When clients may seek to relate to the therapist as they do other important figures (particularly their parents)

Question 14

What is the term best fitting to this sentence “Acceptance by the counselor of the client’s feelings and actions without judgement or condemnation”

Answer 14

Unconditional Positive Regard

Question 15

Define “prevalence”

Answer 15

Total number of population with a particular disorder

Question 16

The original complaint reported by the client to the therapist if called the..?

Answer 16

Presenting Problem

Question 17

What is a ‘prognosis’

Answer 17

Predicted future development of a disorder over time

Question 18

What does psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic model involve?

Answer 18

Exploration and insight into the unconscious (processes and conflicts). Seeks to account for the development and structure of personality. From Freud.

Question 19

The contemporary version of psychoanalysis is called what?

What does this involve?

Answer 19

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. This involved emphasizing the unconscious processes and conflics but is breif and focused on specific problems

Question 20

The study of psychological disorders is called?

Answer 20

Psychopathology

Question 21

The treatment that focuses on social/cultural factors and psychological influences is called?

Answer 21

Psychosocial treatment

Question 22

Explain the key elements to a ‘scientist-practitioner’

Answer 22

• Apply scientific methods to work
• Must keep up with the current research on diagnosis and treatment
• Must evaluate own methods for effectiveness
• May generate own research to discover new knowledge

They are a Consumer of Science, A Evaluator of Science, Creator of Science

Question 23

Define Self-Actualizing

Answer 23

The process in which people strive to achieve their highest potential, against difficult life experiences

Question 24

What are the three defining criteria for a psychological disorder?

Answer 24

1. A psychological dysfunction that is associated with
2. distress or impairment in functioning and
3. a response that is not typical or culturally expected.

Question 25

What are the three basic categories that research around psychological disorders fall into?

Answer 25

1. Description
2. Causation
3. Treatment and outcomes

Question 26

In history, what were the three approaches traditionally used to explain abnormal behaviour?

Answer 26

1. Supernatural
2. Biological
3. Psychological

Question 27

From Freuds psychoanalytic therapy came ______ ________ and from this the approach of ______________ _________ emerged

Answer 27

Humanistic Psychology, Person-centered therapy

Question 28

What model moved psychology towards the real of science? and Why?

Answer 28

The behavioural model, because it was able to measure, this was supported using techniques such as shaping and reinforcement

Question 29

A breakdown in cognitive, emotional or behavioural functioning is referred to as?

Answer 29

Psychological dysfunction

Question 30

What is the DSM-5 definition of a psychological disorder?

Answer 30

“behavioural, psychological or biological dysfunctions that are un-expected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain or impairment”

Question 31

What are the three major categories for studying and discussing psychological disorder?

Answer 31

1. The clinical description
2. The causation (etiology)
3. The treatment and outcome

Question 32

The unique combination of behaviours. thoughts and feelings that make up a specific disorder are referred to as?

Answer 32

The clinical description

Question 33

What is the major role of the clinical description?

Answer 33

To differentiate the disorder from normal behaviours or other disorders

Question 34

What dimensions are considered when discussing the etiology of a disorder?

Answer 34

The biological, psychological and social