Week 10 Flashcards
(41 cards)
True or False.
As the brain expands, memory increases. Thus, the problem of selection of both, information and behavior decrease
False. The problem of selection INCREASES.
What is one of the proposed processes that we use for selective awareness?
attention
What is Attention?
Is a focusing of awareness selectively to a part of the sensory environment.
What is automatic processing and an example?
Involuntary, unconscious ongoing activities.
Bottom-up processing is an example of this because it is DATA DRIVEN relies on stimulus presented by the environment.
What is Conscious Processing and an example?
Controlled, ongoing activities that required attention.
Top-down processing is an example of this. It is CONCEPTUALLY DRIVEN because it relies on info already stored in memory.
Stopping at a red light is an example of _________ and searching for a street is an example of__________
A. Top-down processing B. Bottom-up processing
B (bottom up) and A (top down)
True or False.
In bottom-up processing the temporal lobe and anterior parietal lobe are involved, while in the top-down processing the frontal lobe and posterior parietal lobe are involved.
TRUE
What is the Perceptual Model of Feature Search, proposed by Treisman?
The idea that attention is directed to each feature location and that features present in the same fixation of attention are combined to form a single object. When the features have been assembled the features can then be perceived as a unit.
What is a feature?
properties that the visual system calls code to detect, features are biological significant stimuli.
What is the Pop-Out Effect?
A visual stimulus that is composed of differing components has mostly similar looking objects but one differing object that ‘pops-out’ or stands out very noticeably from the other objects in the visual field.
What is a Visual Search?
type of perceptual task requiring attention that typically involves an active scan of the visual environment for a particular object or feature (the target) among other objects or features (the distractors).
What is the one important criteria that shows the effect of attention in the brain?
Any same stimulus given, must activate a neuron at one time and not at another.
True or false.
Serial processing performs a single task at a time while parallel processing performs multiple tasks at a time.
True
Complete the following.
In the absence of the____________, a representation of the right visual field remains in the right parietal cortex
But in the absence of the ___________, there is no representation of the left visual field, and the region is therefore neglected.
left parietal cortex
right parietal cortex
What is important about Peterson & Posner Theory of Attention?
It states that attention consists of 3 major functions: alerting, orienting, and executive control, each of which has its own neural network.
What is the alerting network?
Is based on the ascending reticular activating system RAS which is located in the midbrain and functions to maintain alertness
What is the orienting system?
prioritizes sensory inputs by selecting a sensory modality for example vision audition or touch or a location in space or a feature of the stimulus.
There are two networks related to orienting. What are those?
Dorsal and ventral orienting networks
The dorsal orienting network is a system strongly right lateralized. Does it operate as bottom up or top down to synchronize visuospatial orienting activity.
Top down
The ventral orienting network synchronizes orienting system activity with incoming bottom-up sensory input. Name one effect of this system:
to reduce the influence of other competing sensory inputs in a winner-take-all competition within various levels of sensory and association systems
What is the Executive control system?
One of three components comprising the model of working memory
Manages the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop
Controls information flow in working memory
What are the tasks that demonstrate the “Dark Side” of attention?
- inattention blindness
- change blindness,
- attentional blink
What is inattentional blindness?
a failure to notice a dot flashed on a computer monitor during a performance of a simple visual task.
(ex: gorilla experiment)
What is Change Blindness?
Participant fails to detect change in the presence, identity or location of objects
most likely to occur when people do not expect changes.
Example, 50 percent of real world observers failed to note that the identity of a person with whom they were conversing had changed when the switch occurred during a brief occlusion.
