Week 11 - Emotions Flashcards
What are the 4 components that make up an emotional response? (Use the emotion of fear to describe each).
(1) Cognition - having the understanding that we are in a dangerous situation
(2) Feeling - the actual feeling of fear
(3) Behaviour - the act of running away from the dangerous situation
(4) Physiological Reaction - sympathetic nervous system reacts in ways like our heart rate increasing
Who coined the term homeostasis and the fight-or-flight response?
Walter Cannon
Which theory of emotion places emphasis on the thalamus and describes the physiological arousal and the emotional response as two independent reactions to a situation?
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
Which theory of emotion suggests that the physiological arousal we experience paired with giving a cognitive label to a situation leads to an emotion response?
The Schachter-Singer Theory of Emotion
Which theory of emotion suggests that we don’t experience physiological reactions because we feel fear, but rather that we feel fear because we experience physiological reactions?
The James-Lange Theory of Emotion
What does the Facial Feedback Hypothesis? Which theory of emotion does this hypothesis support?
The Facial Feedback Hypothesis suggests that our facial experiences can determine or play a role in our emotions. This supports the James-Lange theory of emotion because it holds that the physiological feeling occurs first (facial expression), to which the emotion comes after (anger, sadness, disgust, etc.)
What syndrome contradicts the Facial Feedback hypothesis?
Moebius syndrome, which is a congenital neurological disorder that involves underdeveloped cranial nerves (VI and VII / 5 and 6), impacting one’s facial expressions. Despite having this disorder, people report feeling emotions like happiness that don’t reflect their face.
What are the 3 problems with James Lange’s Theory of Emotion?
(1) physiological responses do not happen fast enough to be acknowledged by the brain to result in feeling an emotion
(2) People can still feel emotions with the physiological activity to pair with it
(3) we experience similar physiological changes in different emotional states, so one physiological experience cannot cause the feeling of a specific emotion
What are the 2 problems with Cannon-Bard’s theory of emotion?
(1) doesn’t consider cognition and perception in how we interpret and experience
(2)
What is the problem with Cannon-Bard’s theory of emotion, according to Schachter and Singer?
It doesn’t consider cognition and perception in how we interpret and experience events
What are the 3 components to Schachter & Singer’s Cognitive Attribution Model?
(1) If there is an appropriate explanation for one’s feeling of arousal, the person is unlikely to find label that arousal with something else (eg. if someone feels arousal while near a bear, it is reasonable to associate that arousal with fear and nothing else)
(2) If there is no appropriate explanation for the feeling or arousal, person will label their arousal according to the available options they have (eg. if there are other people in the room, they will look to how they are feeling and react the same way as them)
(3) Under identical “cognitive circumstances”, a person will only respond to an emotional experience to the degree that that person is physiologically excited (eg. When crossing a wobbly bridge with an attractive woman at the end of it, male participants were more likely to attribute their highly aroused state to being attracted to the woman, demonstrating excitation transfer. If the bridge was not wobbly, they were not as likely to be attracted to the woman. Therefore, the male participants only responded more to the woman by calling her later if they were more physiologically aroused by the bridge. Male participants who were not that physiologically aroused did not feel the need to respond to their emotional experience)
Which theory by Jeffery Gray suggests that emotions lie on a continuum?
The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
Which behavioral system is characterized by the tendency to have “approaching” behavior (extraversion personality trait), low to moderate autonomic arousal, left hemisphere activation in frontal and temporal lobes, and higher dopamine levels?
Behavioral Activation System (BAS)
Which behavioral system is characterized by increased attention and arousal, social withdrawal, right hemisphere activation of frontal and temporal lobes, as well as higher norepinephrine (NE)? What personality trait is this system associated with?
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), associated with neuroticism.
In a PET functional imaging scan, where would activation most likely occur if one were to listen to tone of a speaker’s voice? What about if they were the listen to the actual words?
Tone of voice –> right prefrontal cortex
Words –> left prefrontal cortex
