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HP 200 > Week 11: Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Week 11: Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of health-related ethical issues?

A
  1. genetic engineering
  2. allocating donor organs
  3. end of life issues
  4. health research
  5. professional behavior
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2
Q

What are the 3 main areas of philosophy?

A

ethics, epistemology, and metaphysics

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3
Q

What is epistemology?

A

study of knowledge

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4
Q

What are metaphysics?

A

study of the nature of reality

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5
Q

What is ethics?

A

defines acceptable and unacceptable behavior within the norms of a
particular group

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6
Q

What is morality?

A

sets standards for right and wrong in human behavior

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7
Q

Why should people act ethically?

A
  1. personal
  2. professional
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8
Q

What is the personal aspect of ethics?

A

brings meaning or purpose to the life of an individual and tend to lead healthier, more emotionally satisfying lives

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9
Q

What is the professional aspect of ethics?

A

A sense of trust, moral credibility and leadership, and make programs more effective

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10
Q

What is an example of professional ethics?

A

USA Gymnastics sex
abuse scandal – Larry Nassar

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11
Q

What are research ethics?

A

comprises principles
and standards that, along with underlying values, guide appropriate conduct relevant to research decisions”

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11
Q

What are professional ethics?

A

actions that are right and wrong in the workplace and are of public matter

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12
Q

What is an example of teleology?

A

Lying to a client or patient to help that person where lying is morally okay if the consequences turned out okay.

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12
Q

What is teleology?

A

Consequentialism, primary reasoning, and evaluating moral status

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13
Q

What is primary reasoning for teleology?

A

the end does justify the means

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14
Q

What is deontology?

A

Formalism or non consequentialism. Certain actions are inherently right or wrong, or good or bad, without regard for their consequences

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14
Q

What is the primary reasoning for deontology?

A

the end does not justify the means

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15
Q

What is an example of deontology?

A

lying to a client or patient to help that person and lying is wrong even if it is done to help that person

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16
Q

What do ethics and moral in greek and latin roots look into?

A

character

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17
Q

What is an argument in ethics?

A

People need to use their mind and not their heart

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18
Q

What is the principle of value of life?

A

It is the most basic principle and argues that no life should be ended without strong justification.

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18
Q

What are some basic principles for common moral ground?

A

Value of life, goodness, justice, truth telling, and individual freedom

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19
Q

What are some example of value of life principle?

A

abortion, suicide, euthanasia, and capital punishment

20
Q

What is the principle of goodness?

A

Non-maleficence, beneficence/benevolence, benefit to harm ratio

21
What is non maleficence?
non-infliction of harm to others
22
What is beneficence/benevolence?
principle of doing good, demonstrating kindness, showing compassion, and helping others
23
What is the benefit to harm ratio?
early mammogram
24
What is the principle of justice?
People treating other people fairly and justly in distributing goodness (benefits) and badness (burdens). Also, procedural and distributive justice.
25
What is procedural justice?
fair procedure in place & procedures were followed
26
What is distributive justice?
allocation of resources
27
What is the principle of truth telling?
Moral relationship -> meaningful communication -> telling the truth. May be the most difficult principle to live by
28
What is the principle of individual freedom?
Equality principle or principle of autonomy. People must have the freedom to choose their own ways. Means of being moral within the framework of the first four principles.
29
steps to making ethical decision pt. 1
30
steps to making ethical decision pt. 2
31
What are the context clues that should be taken when making ethical decision making?
1. place 2. time 3. identity 4. social relationships 5. the ideal 6. the concrete 7. seriousness
32
What are the ethic in HPDP?
1. Obligations and availability of services 2. Obligations between professionals and clients 3. Obligations to third parties 4. Obligations between professionals and employers 5. Obligations to the profession
32
What is Obligations between professionals and clients?
Fiduciary model. Where professional, it means to be honest, candid, fair. In the client it means, keeps commitments to the professional, is truthful to the professional, and does not request unethical acts from the professional
33
What is obligations and availability of services?
Equality of opportunity for making professional services available to all citizens. An example is health insurance and pre-existing conditions
34
What is the Obligations to third parties?
Whether or not to share client information with: * Family members of the client * People in a supervisory capacity * Legal authorities * Peers
35
What are examples of third party obligations?
Box 5.3: Privacy, HIPAA, GINA
36
What are Obligations between professionals and employers?
Involve due process, confidentiality, and professional support. Ex: Should health education specialists always implement “company” policy when they know it is wrong or could bring harm to a client?
37
What are Obligations to the profession?
Conducting research, reforming the profession, and maintaining respect for the profession
38
What are ethical dilemmas?
Must be an issue (a controversy); two sides. Must involve the question of right and wrong
39
What are the major categories of issues?
Assigning individual responsibility, overemphasizing behavior change as program outcome instead of changes in the social and physical environment. Overemphasize the importance of health
40
What are ethical issues in social research?
1. voluntary participation 2. no harm to participants 3. anonymity and confidentiality 4. Deception must be justified by compelling scientific concerns 5. Researchers must be honest about their findings and research
41
Who is Stanley Milgram?
Study of human obedience where subjects had role of "teacher" and administered a shock to "pupils“. Pupils were actually part of the experiment.
42
What are some principle of protecting human subjects?
1. autonomy 2. beneficence 3. justice
43
What is autonomy?
People get to make their own decision and those with diminished capacity must be protected
44
What is beneficence?
Maximizing benefits for subjects
45
What is justice?
Fair distribution of research burdens and benefits
46
What is institutional review boards(IRB)?
Review research proposals involving humans so they can guarantee the rights and interests are protected.
47
HIPAA
48
HIPAA pt. 2
49
How do you ensure ethical behavior? Such as limit entry to the profession?
1. selective admission to programs 2. retention standards in academic programs 3. graduation from academics programs 4. completion of internships 5. becoming credentialed 6. continual updating to retain credential
50
What is the code of ethics?
Document that maps the profession’s collective social responsibility and acknowledges the obligations individual practitioners share in meeting the profession’s responsibilities
51
What do practicing professionals do?
Self monitor, peer review committee(warning, limitations, expulsion), and legal system, and code of ethics

HP 200 (19 decks)

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