Week 12 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Audience design
Constructing utterances to suit the audience’s knowledge
Common ground
Information that is shared by people who engage in a conversation
Ingroup
Group to which a person belongs
Lexicon
Words and expressions
Linguistic intergroup bias
A tendency for people to characterize positive things about their ingroup using more abstract expressions, but negative things about their outgroups using more abstract expression
Outgroup
A group to which a person does not belong
Priming
A stimulus presented to a person reminds them about their ideas associated with the stimulus
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
The hypothesis that the language that people use determines their thoughts
Situation model
A mental representation of an event, object, or situation constructed at the time of comprehending a linguistic description
Social brain hypothesis
The hypothesis that the human brain has evolved, so that humans can maintain larger ingroups
Social networks
Networks of social relationships among individuals through which information can travel
Syntax
Rules by which words are strung together to form sentences
Automatic empathy
A social perceiver unwittingly taking on the internal state of another person, usually because of mimicking the person’s expressive behavior and thereby feeling the expressed emotion
False-belief test
An experimental procedure that assesses whether a perceiver recognizes that another person has a false belief - a belief that contradicts reality
Folk explanations of behavior
People’s natural explanations for why somebody did something, felt something, etc. (different substantially for unintentional and intentional behavior)
Intention
An agent’s mental state of committing to perform an action that the agent believes will bring about a desired outcome
Intentionality
The quality of an agent’s performing a behavior intentionally - that is, with skill and awareness and executing an intention (which is in turn based on a desire and relevant beliefs)
Joint attention
Two people attending to the same object and being aware that they are both attending to it
Mimicry
Copying others’ behavior, usually without awareness
Mirror neurons
Neurons identified in monkey brains that fire both when the monkey performs a certain action and when it perceives another agent performing that action
Projection
A social perceiver’s assumption that the other person wants, knows, or feels the same as the perceiver wants, knows, or feels
Synchrony
Two people displaying the same behaviors or having the same internal states (typically because of mutual mimicry)
Theory of mind
The human capacity to understand minds, a capacity that is made up of a collection of concepts (ex. agent, intentionality) and processes (ex. goal detection, imitation, empathy, perspective taking)
Visual perspective taking
Can refer to visual perspective taking (perceiving something from another person’s spatial vantage point) or more generally to effortful mental state inference (trying to infer the other person’s thoughts, desires, emotions)
