WEEK 13 Knee and Ankle

Question 1

What syndrome is the most common problem involving the knee?

Answer 1

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Question 2

Surgery is indicated for patella when it is excessively tilted (medially/laterally) because of tight retinacular tissue.

Answer 2

Laterally

Question 3

What is the term for chronic pathology involving degeneration of patellar tendon?

Answer 3

Tendinosis

Question 4

Where does the patella tendon attach proximally & distally? Which insertion is pain/swelling most often located at?

Answer 4

• Prox: inferior pole of patella
• Dis: tibial tub

Pain/swelling is most often located at the distal insertion.

Question 5

Patellar dislocation is when there’s no contact between patella & _________ _________.

Answer 5

Trochlear groove

Question 6

Most dislocations/subluxations occur (medially/laterally).

Answer 6

Laterally

Question 7

Dislocations/subluxations most often occur from non-contact, (internal/external) rotation & knee (valgus/varum) stress on fixed distal extremity.

Answer 7

• Internal
• Valgus

Question 8

Excessive foot (pronation/supination), weak hip abductors & (internal/external) rotators lead to genu valgum.

Answer 8

• Pronation
• External

Question 9

Which patients would surgery be recommended for dislocations/subluxations?

Answer 9

• Complicated with osteochondral fractures
• Recurrent
• Anatomical abnormalities

Question 10

Which angle is formed by the intersection of the line drawn along the midshaft of the first MT & the line bisecting the talus on the lateral view of the foot?

Answer 10

Talometatarsal

Question 11

The primary site of achilles tendon injury is just (proximal/distal) to the tendon’s insertion because this part is hypovascularized.

Answer 11

Proximal

Question 12

True or False: Achilles tendon injuries are most common in male athletes who run.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

(Acute/Chronic) achilles injuries should be rehabbed with compression while (acute/chronic) should be with stretching.

Answer 13

• Acute
• Chronic

Question 14

What are 3 abnormal foot mechanics that could lead to achilles tendinopathy?

Answer 14

• Excessive pronation
• Pes planus
• Excessive rearfoot motion

Question 15

What are the 2 most common ligaments injured & occur with lateral ankle sprains?

Answer 15

1. Anterior talofibular
2. Calcaneal

Question 16

What type of sprain is synonymous with high ankle sprains & anterior tibiofibular ligament sprains (between 2 major bones of the lower leg)?

Answer 16

Syndesmotic

Question 17

What type of ankle sprain is the rarest & which ligament is associated with it?

Answer 17

Medial (deltoid)

Question 18

Low ankle sprains (lateral ankle) are the result of rapid (inversion/eversion) –> pop.

Answer 18

Inversion

Question 19

High ankle sprains (syndesmotic) occur when the ankle is planted in (dorsi/plantar) flexed with external rotation of the lower leg with direct contact.

Answer 19

Dorsiflexed

Question 20

Medial ankle sprains occur with plantar flexion with (inversion/eversion).

Answer 20

Eversion

Question 21

Syndesmotic injuries may mimic pain similar to what other type of ankle sprain?

Answer 21

Lateral

Question 22

Shin splints if pain along distal 2/3 of (anterior/posterior) medial tibia.

Answer 22

Posterior

Question 23

Which 2 muscles can be the cause of shin splints along with periostitis at the posterior medial border of the distal tibia & deep crural fascia?

Answer 23

• Soleus
• FDL

Question 24

Contributing factors of shin splints include excessive ________ drop, higher BMI in runners, & increased pronation.

Answer 24

Navicular

Question 25

Shin splints rehab includes stretching to improve (dorsi/plantar) flexion & decrease pronation.

Answer 25

Dorsiflexion

Question 26

Plantar fasciitis most commonly occurs at proximal insertion at which structure?

Answer 26

Medial tub of calcaneus

Question 27

Plantar fasciitis can have pain anywhere in the plantar aspect of the foot but most commonly at proximal (medial/lateral) edge.

Answer 27

Medial

Question 28

Which age group is plantar fasciitis most common in?

Answer 28

40-60

Question 29

Plantar fascia allows passive stability to osseous structures of the foot when tensioned via rearfoot (sup/pron) & toe dorsiflexion.

Answer 29

Supination

Question 30

True or False: Plantar fasciitis risk factors include pronation, obesity, & lack of talocrural dorsiflexion.

Answer 30

True