WEEK 14: metabolic disorders, genetic & dev disorders & infectious diseases, & MSK neophasms

Question 1

What two systems are involved in metabolic disorders?

Answer 1

Endocrine and nervous

Question 2

Define osteomalacia/adult rickets.

Answer 2

Malacia: softening without loss of matrix

Question 3

Define osteopenia.

Answer 3

Penia: low bone mass

Question 4

Define osteopetrosis.

Answer 4

Petrosis: increased density

Question 5

What two factors is bone strength based on?

Answer 5

Density and quality

Question 6

What increases during growth and development to enhance bone density and quality?

Answer 6

Bone mineral density

Question 7

In osteoporosis, muscle pain and trigger points can occur in lower back paravertebral muscles and which muscles?

Answer 7

Rhomboid

Question 8

Osteomalacia results from deficiency in calcium, vitamin D, and what?

Answer 8

Phosphate

Question 9

What is the second most common metabolic bone disease that has increased bone resorption and excessive unorganized new bone formation?

Answer 9

Paget disease

Question 10

Developmental dysplasia of the hip occurs dynamically in utero until when?

Answer 10

First year of life

Question 11

What signs can be observed in newborns/non-walking children up to 12 months with DDH?

Answer 11

• Ortolani
• Barlow
• Galeazzie (asymmetric)

Question 12

Physical asymmetries in newborns/non-walking children with DDH include limitation of hip what?

Answer 12

Abduction

Question 13

In an ambulating child, uncorrected bilateral dysplasia leads to what type of compensated gait?

Answer 13

Trendelenburg (leaning towards weight-bearing side)

Question 14

In an ambulating child, unilateral dysplasia leads to positive Trendelenburg and flexion contracture on the involved side due to post displacement of hips, resulting in lumbar what?

Answer 14

Lordosis

Question 15

What is the generalized connective tissue disorder that has skeletal fragility and growth deficiency, also called brittle bone disease?

Answer 15

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 16

True or False: Lower extremities are more involved in osteogenesis imperfecta than upper extremities.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the term for inflammation of bone caused by an infectious organism?

Answer 17

Osteomyelitis

Question 18

What four areas are most affected by osteomyelitis?

Answer 18

• Spine
• Pelvis
• Arms
• Legs

Question 19

What type of osteomyelitis is a rapidly destructive pyogenic infection often seen in children, older adults, and IV drug abusers?

Answer 19

Acute

Question 20

What type of infection occurs around the time of surgery and is caused by contaminated instruments?

Answer 20

Perioperative

Question 21

What type of infection occurs because of a primary infection somewhere else?

Answer 21

Hematogenous

Question 22

What type of infection occurs secondary to nearby infection?

Answer 22

Contiguous

Question 23

What is the term for infection of vertebral spine components?

Answer 23

Spondylodiscitis

Question 24

Where is the most common site for spinal infection with annulus, nucleus, or vertebral endplate being affected?

Answer 24

Intervertebral disk

Question 25

Where does pain radiate to with spondylodiscitis?

Answer 25

Lower extremities

Question 26

What type of primary tumors are bone island, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma?

Answer 26

Benign bone

Question 27

What type of primary tumors are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, ewing sarcoma, chordoma, giant cell tumor, and multiple myeloma?

Answer 27

Malignant bone

Question 28

What type of primary tumors are lipoma, ganglia, popliteal cyst, nerve sheath, desmoid, enchondroma, and osteochondroma?

Answer 28

Benign soft tissue and cartilage

Question 29

What type of primary tumors are fibrous histiocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and chondrosarcoma?

Answer 29

Malignant soft tissue and cartilage

Question 30

Where is the third most common site of metastatic spread after lung and liver?

Answer 30

Skeletal

Question 31

Neoplasm of bone can be a cause of pain in which two areas, especially in men older than 50?

Answer 31

- Lumbar spine - Hip

Question 32

What type of cancer commonly metastasizes to pelvis, ribs, vertebrae, and proximal femur?

Answer 32

Breast

Question 33

What type of cancer is the most common source of skeletal metastases in men?

Answer 33

Prostate

Question 34

What type of cancer commonly metastasizes to vertebrae, pelvis, and proximal femur?

Answer 34

Kidney