Week 16: Cardiac Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 3 layers of the arteries from inside to outside?

Answer 1

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia

Question 2

What layer of the arteries is largely smooth muscle?

Answer 2

tunica media

Question 3

What is a feature of the tunica intima artery layer?

Answer 3

endothelial and connective tissue layer

Question 4

What are 2 features of the tunica adventitia?

Answer 4

1) Supporting connective tissue

2) Larger arteries even have their own blood vessels in this layer

Question 5

What is an example of a very large artery?

Answer 5

AORTA

Question 6

What layer contains high levels of elastin in large arteries?

Answer 6

tunica media

Question 7

What are very large arteries with high sleeps of elastin called?

Answer 7

elastic arteries

Question 8

How is the elastin arranged?

Answer 8

Concentric lamellae

Question 9

What colour are concentric lamellae stained?

Answer 9

black

Question 10

What are the divided smaller branches of arteries called?

Answer 10

arterioles

Question 11

What do the articles divide to?

Answer 11

cappillaries

Question 12

Once oxygen in blood has been delivered to the tissues and organs, what vessel does the blood pass into?

Answer 12

venules the veins to heart

Question 13

What has thicker walls, veins or arteries?

Answer 13

arteries

Question 14

Do veins have valves?

Answer 14

some do YES

Question 15

What do valves do?

Answer 15

prevent backflow of blood

Question 16

What vessel has a thicker tunica media?

Answer 16

arteries, thinner cavity as well, higher pressure system

Question 17

What structures does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 17

• Central area of the thoracic cavity
• Heart
• Great vessels

Question 18

What does the sternum angle lie between?

Answer 18

• Lies between manubrium and body of sternum

- Between T4/5

Question 19

What is the mediastinum divided into?

Answer 19

superior and inferior

Question 20

How many section is the inferior mediastinum divided into?

Answer 20

3

Question 21

How many sections in the inferior mediastinum divided into?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

What are the 3 sections the inferior mediastinum divided into?

Answer 22

• Anterior mediastinum (anterior to. heart)
• Middle mediastinum (contains heart and pericardium)
• Posterior mediastinum (posterior to heart)

Question 23

What are the superior vessels?

Answer 23

superior vena cava

aorta

Question 24

What is the pericardium?

Answer 24

3 layers of membrane covering the heart

Question 25

What are the 3 layers of the pericardium?

Answer 25

fibrous pericardium serous parietal pericardium serous visceral pericardium

Question 26

Features fibrous pericardium?

Answer 26

out layer | tough, fibrous, thick

Question 27

Features of the inner serous pericardium layers?

Answer 27

Thin | Space between contains thin layer of pericardial fluid

Question 28

what does viscera mean?

Answer 28

organs

Question 29

What is. the pericardial cavity initially like?

Answer 29

a soft balloon

Question 30

How do the 2 serous layers form around the heart during development?

Answer 30

The heart moves into the cavity during development. | until the serous layer encapsulates the heart

Question 31

What kind of wall muscle does the heart have?

Answer 31

walls consist of thick layer of cardiac muscle, a heart is a muscular pump

Question 32

What is the. wall structure of the right atria?

Answer 32

thrown into ridges known as musculi pectinati.

Question 33

What is the fossa ovalis? (right atria)

Answer 33

- A slight depression where the left and right atria meet | - during embryonic elopement, no lungs formed, blood from RA went directly to the LA

Question 34

What are the ale called between the atria and ventricle?

Answer 34

atrioventricular valve

Question 35

What vessels are ales also present in?

Answer 35

great vessels that carry blood away from the R + L ventricles

Question 36

What are the valves called in the ventricles to great vessels called?

Answer 36

semilunar valves

Question 37

What are the valves called on the left side of the heart?

Answer 37

tricuspid | pulmonary

Question 38

What are vales called on the right side of the heart?

Answer 38

mitral | aortic

Question 39

What do the AV attach to?

Answer 39

long stringy chords | = chord tendineae

Question 40

What does the other side of cord tenindae attach to? | AV

Answer 40

pupillary muscles of ventricles

Question 41

What structure presents back flow of blood?

Answer 41

cusps (semilunar shape)

Question 42

What does auscultation mean?

Answer 42

listening to the heart vales using a stethoscope

Question 43

What is the system called that supplies the heart with blood?

Answer 43

rich blood supply created by the coronary circulation

Question 44

What artery supplies the heart with oxygenated blood?

Answer 44

branches of the ascending thoracic aorta

Question 45

What is the ascending aorta?

Answer 45

the initial aorta coming out of the heart doing upwards

Question 46

What does the ascending aorta branch to?

Answer 46

L & R coronary arteries