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Bio 11 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a virus?

A

Viruses are particles made up of nucleic acid, protein and in some cases, lipids that can replicate only by infecting cells

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2
Q

What are the 3 major components of a virus

A

Tail-Fiber
Capsid (protein shell)
Head

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3
Q

What are the levels of Taxonomy?

A 
Kingdom 
Phylum 
Class
Order
Family 
Genus
Species
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4
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A 
Eubacteria 
Animalia 
Protista
Fungi 
Planate 
Archaebacteria
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5
Q

What is Bacteriophage?

A

Bacteria that are infected by a virus

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6
Q

what is lytic infection?

A

process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself and causes the cell to burst

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7
Q

Define lysogenic infection

A

the process by which a virus embeds it’s DNA of the host of the cell and is replicated along with the host cell’s DNA

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8
Q

Define Prophage

A

first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus

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9
Q

Define Retrovirus

A

a virus that contains RNA as it’s genetic information

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10
Q

Define Parasitic

A

Depends entirely upon another living organism for its existence

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11
Q

How do Viruses multiply

A

they multiple inside living cells

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12
Q

Viruses must be considered to be….

A

Parasitic

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13
Q

the outer protective coat of a virus is mainly…

A

Protien

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14
Q

When a phage attacks a cell…

A

only the DNA enters the cell

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15
Q

which of the following features of a virus would support the idea that they’re non-living

A

they can be crystallized

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16
Q

Reproduction in viruses differs from cells in that…

A

new viruses do not arise directly from pre-existing similar structure

17
Q

Define Vaccine

A

Causes the body to produce antibodies without causing the illness

18
Q

what is the lysogenic cycle?

A

does not cause the cell to lyse immediately

19
Q

What are some characteristics of Eubacteria?

A

Eubacteria has Carbohydrates made of the cell wall

a larger group of bacteria

Cyanobacteria (green-blue bacteria) make their own food

20
Q

What are some characteristics of Archebacteria

A

cell wall doesn’t hae carbohydrates

lives in exterme conditions-oxygen free, salty, extermely hot

21
Q

What are some characteristics of Protist

A

Unicellular
Eukaryotic
some live as individual cells and some live in colonies
have characteristics of animals, plants and fungi
more evolved then bacteria

22
Q

What are some characteristics of Plantae?

A 
Eukaryotic
cellwalls with cellulose 
chloroplast
muti-cellular
autotrophs
23
Q

How can viruses be helpful to a person

A
  • help build anti-bodies
  • memory cells to fight future infections
  • can kill bacteria which may be harmful to other organisms
24
Q

Explain how a virus will infect a person

A
  1. virus is entered through the nose or mouth
  2. attaches to cells in blood and injects DNA into the cell
  3. DNA fuses with human DNA
  4. new viral parts are made and assembled
  5. cell ruptures releasing viruses which attacks other cells
25
Q

Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called…

A

bacilli

26
Q

spherical prokaryotes are called…

A

cocci

27
Q

spiral prokaryotes are called…

A

spirilla

28
Q

replication for Bacteria is called…

A

binary fission

29
Q

exchanging genetic information for bacteria is called…

A

conjugation

30
Q

What is an Obligate Aerobe

A

Prokayotes that require oxygen to survive

31
Q

What is an Obligate Anaerobe

A

cannot survive with Oxygen

32
Q

Facultative Anaerobe

A

survies with or without oxygen

33
Q

What is the Flagella

A

a whip-like tail that helps the bacteria for movement

34
Q

What is Pili

A

help bacteria attach to other structures/cells

35
Q

What is the Nucleoid (Plasmid)

A

a ring made up of DNA

36
Q

What does the Capsule do?

A

Keeps cell from dying out and helps it stick to food or other cells

Bio 11 (5 decks)

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