Week 2: Development of Filipino Nationalism Flashcards
(24 cards)
This, in its broadest sense, is love of one’s country. It is a consciousness, a feeling or sentiment of belongingness to a particular community, group, or race resulting from having a common or shared language, religion, tradition, history, and values system.
It could manifest as the attitude the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity and the actions they take to attain or sustain self-determination or independence.
Nationalism
What is Filipino nationalism a product of?
It is a product of social, economic, and political changes during the 19th century.
(Before the 19th century, there was no national consciousness, hence no Filipino nationalism.)
The label “Filipino” applied to only who, at that time?
The Spaniards born in the Philippines (insulares).
The name given to the indigents of the Philippines
The Indios
Were the Indios united?
No, as the Spanish church and state officials divided and ruled the natives.
When did the “Indios” become “Filipinos”?
Only during the last years of Spanish rule.
What is Filipino nationalism a product of, according to historians?
It is a product of Spanish colonization, and the struggle of Filipinos to create their own identity.
This event resulted in tremendous socio-economic changes to the Philippines after decades of economic stagnation caused by Spanish monopolistic policies.
The opening of the port of Manila to international trade in 1834.
Despite economic restrictions, foreign investors flocked to the Philippines, resulting in the booming of different economic establishments and institutions. Transportation and communication also improved.
What occurred when the Philippines was opened to world trade? And who profited from this?
It generated a great demand for export goods such as rice, sugar, tobacco, and indigo.
Filipino mestizos and Chinese merchants gained huge profits.
What years were the following created, started, and established?
- Mail service between Manila and Cavite.
- The first daily newspaper.
- The issuing of paper money by the Banco Espanol-Filipino de Isabel II and two British banks.
- The Hotel de Oriente in Binondo.
- 1839
- 1846
- 1852
- 1890s
The consequences of the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869.
- Travel between Europe and Asia was shorter, faster, and safer, led to the influx of liberal ideas from Europe to the Philippines.
- The ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity and the democratic ideals of the United States have penetrated the minds of Filipinos.
He was different from the previous Governors-General, implementing reforms. He served as Governor-General from 1869 to 1871. Who was he, and what were some of the reforms?
- Carlos Maria de la Torre
- The abrogation of flogging as a punishment for Filipino deserters in the Spanish Army, abolished censorship, and encouraged free speech.
What specifically led to the insulares, Indios, and Chinese mestizos to start calling themselves “Filipinos”?
A decree was passed in 1863 instructing the establishment of schools in different places and admitting Indios, allowing them to learn Spanish.
This is an elite social group comprised of former gobernadorcillos, minor native bureaucrats, decorated personnel, and schoolmasters. This middle class of Asian and Eurasian mestizos emerged as a result of the great economic transformations.
The Principalia
The origin of the wealth of the principalia.
The profits generated from owned or rented lands.
These emerged from the principalias and were educated in universities in the Philippines and in Europe. They rallied for reforms in the Philippines.
The Ilustrados (“enlightened”)
This was the transfer of ministries established and run by regular clergy (Spanish friars) to secular priests (Filipino priests).
Secularization of the parishes.
What happened when the secularization movement became a political and separatist movement?
It resulted in the Filipinization of the church and culminated in the separation of the church from Rome during the Philippine revolution.
Who secretly organized the secularization?
Padre Mariano Gomez and Padre Pedro Pelaez
When did the conflict between regular and secular priests begin?
When the regular priests attempted to seize control of the parishes from the secular priests, and the rampant abuses and discrimination by the friars against the seculars.
On January 20, 1872, a revolt occurred. What is the name of the revolt, and who and how did it start?
(This is known as the first workers’ strike in the Philippines and Asia.)
- The Cavite Mutiny
- When 200 Filipino soldiers joined by some laborers led by Sgt. La Madrid waged a revolt because of unjust deductions in their wages, high taxes, and discrimination against Filipino soldiers from Spanish soldiers.
The effect of the Cavite Mutiny.
The Spanish authorities saw it as an attempt to overturn colonial rule, even considering it as part of a greater national movement to liberate the Philippines from Spain.
These three priests were prominent members in the secularization movement.
Mariano Gomez
Jose Burgos
Jacinto Zamora
Why did the Filipinos campaign for the assimilation of the Philippines to Spain?
So that Filipinos and Spaniards would be treated equally, and the Filipinos would enjoy the liberties enjoyed by the Spaniards.
