Week 3 Flashcards by Tiffany Korb

what are the three regions of the spine

cervical, thoracic, lumbar

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what are the atypical vertebrae in the cervical spine

C1,C2, and C7

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what are the atypical vertebrae in the thoracic spine

T1, T9-12

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what happens at the T10 level

the spinous process starts to flatten out

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what are the atypical vertebrae in the lumbar spine

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why is L5 atypical

it has a smaller vertebral body

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how many bones in the sacrum

five

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how many bones in the coccyx

three

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what is atypical about C1

there is no spinous process

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what is atypical about C2

it has the dens/ odontoid process

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what is atypical about C7

it sticks out the most, has the most vertebral prominence and lacks a bifid process

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what kind of spinal process are in the cervical spine

bifid

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why is the vertebral foramen so large in the C1

it contains part of the brain stem

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what is a trochoid joint

freely movable allowing rotary movement around an axis

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what is another name for a trochoid joint

pivot joint

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where is the trochoid joint found in the cervical spine

between C1 and C2 allowing for rotation of the head

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what does the angle of facet determine in the vertebrae

range of motion

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what is unique about the axis (C2) vertebrae

it has the dens/ odontoid process
first vertebrae with bifid spinous process

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what does APOM stand for

anterior to posterior open mouth
-used in X-Ray

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what is unique about the C7 vertebrae

there is no longer a bifid spinous process

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why is the vertebral foramen larger In the cervical spine

because the spinal cord is the thickest in the cervical region due to transition from the brain stem into the spinal cord

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characteristics of typical cervical vertebrae

small body. large vertebral foramen, transverse process with transverse foramen, bifid spinous process in C2-6

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what is the function of the transverse foramen in the cervical spine

protection of vertebral arteries

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characteristics of typical thoracic vertebrae

larger body than cervical but smaller than lumbar, spinous process pointed and angled downward, superior articular facets face posteriorly allowing for rotation between adjacent vertebrae, rib attachment

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what is on the thoracic vertebrae that allows for articulation of ribs

costal facets on the vertebral body

where is the superior vertebral notch located on the thoracic vertebra

on the pedicle

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 9 (T9)

two superior demi facet attachments for attachment on ninth rib, may or may not have inferior demi facets

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 1 (T1)

has superior full facet for head of first rib, inferior demi facet for part of head of 2nd rib

what are the ribs named according to

which transverse process it articulates with

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 10 (T10)

two superior full facets and NO inferior facets

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 11 (T11)

same as T10 and NO transverse facets

why are there no transverse facets on T11

because it is a floating rib so it doesn't fully anchor to the spine

characteristics of atypical thoracic vertebra 12 (T12)

same as T11, transverse processes have three tubercles homologous to lumbar vertebrae superior - mammillary inferior - accessory lateral - transverse

where is the largest vertebral canal found

in the cervical vertebrae

where is the smallest vertebral canal found

in the thoracic vertebrae

where does the spinal cord typically stop in mature adults

what is different from a spinal cord during development to a mature spinal cord

during development before birth the spinal cord is the full length of the spine

characteristics of atypical lumbar vertebra 5 (L5)

body is not as thick, TP are short and thick, short spinous process, superior articular surfaces are more posterior and less medial, inferior articular process are more anterior and less lateral

what is lumbo-sacral facet syndrome

asymmetry of facing facets

what is the primary curve of the spine

kyphotic

what is the secondary curve of the spine

lordotic

what causes lordosis of the spine to occur during development

movement due to infant lifting of the head and arching of the lower back

what curve are babies born with

kyphotic

what is an abnormal lateral curve of the spine called

scoliosis

what shape is a kypohotic curve

what curve is displayed in the cervical spine

lordotic

what curve is displayed in the thoracic spine

kyphotic

what curve is displayed in the lumbar spine

lordotic

what causes the two most mobile regions of the spine to alter

changes in forces applied to them

what are the other osseous structures of the axial skeleton

the ribs and sternum, and hyoid bone

how many pairs of ribs do we have

how many true rib pairs are there

where are the true ribs

1-7

what do the true ribs connect to

costal cartilage that attaches to the sternum

what are the false ribs

8-10

where do the false ribs attach

costal cartilage for rib 7

where does the costal cartilage for the false ribs attach to

the cartilage of the rib above it

which are the floating ribs

11-12

how many vertebral bodies does the first rib articulate with

one

how many bodies do ribs 2-8 articulate with

two

are the ribs numbered for the superior or inferior vertebae

superior

how many vertebrae do ribs 9-12 articulate with

one

what transverse process do the ribs articulate with

the one they are numbered for

what is unique about ribs 11 and 12

they do not articulate with the sternum

head structure on a typical rib

articulates posteriorly with demifacets on the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae

what are the names of the demi facets articulating with the ribs

superior demi facet and inferior demi facet

what is the neck of the ribs

the space right below the head of the rib

what is the tubercle of a typical rib

articulates posteriorly with transverse costal facet of same numbered thoracic vertebra

where does the rib attach to the sternum

at the site of articulation with costal cartilage

what is the "body" of the rib called

the shaft

what are the three bones of the sternum

manubrium, body, and zyphoid process

what does the sternum articulate with

ribs 1-7 and the clavicle

is the clavicle part of the axial skeleton

what is unique about the hyoid bone

it doesn't articulate with another bones, it is held in place by muscle

what is the joint between the manubrium and the body of the sternum

manubriosternal joint

what is the joint between the body and the xyphoid process

xyphisternal joint

what level of the cervical vertebrae does the hyoid bone typically lie