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Week 1 Physiology > Week 3 c > Flashcards

Week 3 c Flashcards

1
Q

What is the flow of blood?

A
  1. Inferior Vena Cava
  2. Superior Vena Cave
  3. RA
  4. Tricuspid (AV) Valve
  5. RV
  6. Pulmonary Valve
  7. Pulmonary artery
  8. Lungs
    9 Pulmonary vein
  9. LA
  10. Mitral Valve
  11. LV
  12. Aortic Vavle
  13. Aorta
  14. Rest of the Body
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2
Q

Where is most of our blood in our body?

A
  • Systemic Circulation = 84%
  • Pulmonary Circulation = 9%
  • Heart = 7%
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3
Q

What is the venous system for the blood?

A

A reseviour

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4
Q

What are the Determinants of Blood flow Velocity?

A
  1. Blood Flow
  2. Area
    V = F/A
  • Mostly Area because blood flow is going to stay relatively the same (C.O. = 5L/min)
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5
Q

What is low velocity advantageous?

A

The main function of the capillaries is to promote nutrient exchange across the border

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6
Q

What are the determining factors for Blood Flow?

A
  1. Pressure gradient (P1-P2)

2. Vascular resistance

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7
Q

Why does resistance occur?

A

due to the friction of the flowing blood with the vascular wall

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8
Q

What happens to Flow when Resistance increases?

A

Flow will decrease

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9
Q

What is PRU?

A

Pressure Resistance Unit

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10
Q

What is TPR?

A

Total Peripheral Resistance. the resistance offered to the flow of blood - determined by the diameter of the blood vessels, the length of the blood vessels and the viscosity, or thickness, of the blood

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11
Q

What is important to blood flow?

A

Resistance

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12
Q

What can resistance be derived from?

A

Ohm’s Law (R=P/F)

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13
Q

What happens if blood flow is about 100mL/sec and pressure difference is between systemic arteries and veins is about 100mmHg

A

TPR = 1 PRU

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14
Q

What happens with systemic vasoconstriction?

A

TPR - 4 PRU

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15
Q

What happens with systemic Vasodilation?

A

TPR = 0.2 PRU

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16
Q

What is Conductance?

A

The measure of flow through a vessel for a given pressure difference. Conductance is inversely proportional to resistance. Conductance = 1/ Resistance

17
Q

What is the main determining factor for Blood Flow?

A

Resistance

18
Q

Why does resistance vary with vessel diameter?

A
  • Poiseuille’s Law R = 8nL/3.14r4
  • vascular resistance is governed in part by the geometric component L/r4
  • As our vessel increases the Resistance decreases
19
Q

What happens when you are closer to the lining of the vessel?

A
  • the slower the blood is going to move
20
Q

What is Laminar flow?

A

silent and stays in lane

21
Q

What is Turbulent flow?

A

noisy and doesn’t stay in lane

22
Q

What is Reynold’s Number?

A
  • Determines if it is laminar or turbulent

- Re= vdp/n

23
Q

When Re is < about 2000 it is?

A

Laminar

24
Q

When Re is > about 3000 it is?

A

Turbulent

25
Q

When are vessels susceptible to turbulent flow?

A
  1. High Diameter
  2. High velocity
  3. Local decrease in diameter ( such as arteriol stenosis)
  4. Low viscosity ex. anemia
26
Q

What does Laminar Shear stress favor?

A
  1. NO production (relax)
  2. Kruppel like factor 2 (KLF-2) mediates the immune response
  3. ++ Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) which in turn protects against reactive (ROS)
27
Q

What are Branch points subjected to?

A

Turbulent flow

28
Q

As viscosity increases resistance does what?

A

increases

29
Q

What is blood made of?

A

RBC and plasma

30
Q

What determines viscosity?

A

% of RBC

31
Q

What happens to the plasma volume when we exercise?

A

It decreases

32
Q

What happens when we does provide our body with fluid replacement?

A

Cardiac output will decrease over time and the stroke volume will decrease over time

33
Q

What are the two factors that happen when the plasma volume decrease?

A
  1. decrease in venous return –> decrease SV –> decrease in Cardiac Output
  2. increase hematocrit –> increase in viscosity –> increase in resistance –> Decrease in Cardiac Output
34
Q

what happens when we do give out body fluids after exercise?

A

Cardiac Output remains the same

35
Q

What is Series Resistance?

A
  • Rtotal = R1 + R2 +R3 + R4 +R5
  • R1 (artery) –> R2 (artioles) –> R3 (Capillary) –> R4 (Venule) –> R5 (Vein)
  • Changes in one will affect the whole system
36
Q

What is Parallel Resistance?

A
  • 1/Rtotal = 1/R1 +1/R2 +1/R3 +1/R4 +1/R5 + 1/R6
  • One change isnt going to change the resistance of another
  • Decrease in total resistance
  • This allows vasoconstriction when one pathway isnt being used and causes an increase in C.O. in another
  • the number of capillaries in parallel far out number the number of arteioles and thus aggregate resistance is larger in the arteioles
37
Q

What is Blood flow auto regulation?

A
  1. The ability of each tissue to adjust its vascular resistance and maintain normal flow in response to fluctuation in BP
  2. Is most effective b/w 70-175 mmHg

Week 1 Physiology (6 decks)

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