Week 3 Eye + Ears

Question 1

Describe the visual system.

Answer 1

The visual system includes the eyes, retina, optic nerve, and visual cortex for processing visual information.

Question 2

Explain eye assessment.

Answer 2

Eye assessment includes visual acuity tests and slit-lamp exams to evaluate eye health.

Question 3

Define glaucoma and its causes.

Answer 3

Glaucoma damages the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure from genetics, age, and medical conditions.

Question 4

Discuss glaucoma symptoms.

Answer 4

Symptoms include peripheral vision loss, tunnel vision, and sudden eye pain.

Question 5

Overview glaucoma treatment pharmacology.

Answer 5

Medications include prostaglandin analogs and beta-blockers to lower intraocular pressure.

Question 6

Impact of visual and hearing impairments on health.

Answer 6

These impairments can lead to communication difficulties and increased fall risk.

Question 7

Components of a complete blood count (CBC).

Answer 7

A CBC measures red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets.

Question 8

Components of the visual system.

Answer 8

The visual system includes eye structures, refractive media, and the visual pathway.

Question 9

List external structures of the visual system.

Answer 9

External structures include eyelids, eyelashes, and the lacrimal system.

Question 10

Identify internal eye structures.

Answer 10

Internal structures include the iris, lens, and retina.

Question 11

Role of refractive media in vision.

Answer 11

Refractive media must remain clear for light to reach the retina.

Question 12

How does the cornea contribute to vision?

Answer 12

The cornea refracts light for clear vision.

Question 13

What if refractive media are unclear?

Answer 13

Impaired clarity can hinder light from reaching the retina.

Question 14

Define the visual pathway.

Answer 14

The visual pathway is the route visual information takes from the eye to the brain.

Question 15

Importance of the retina.

Answer 15

The retina converts light into neural signals for vision.

Question 16

Consequences of abnormal visual findings.

Answer 16

Abnormal findings can indicate conditions leading to visual impairment.

Question 17

Significance of visual assessment.

Answer 17

Visual assessment is crucial for diagnosing conditions.

Question 18

Role of diagnostic tests in visual evaluation.

Answer 18

Diagnostic tests identify abnormalities and assess visual function.

Question 19

Pharmacology and the visual system.

Answer 19

Pharmacology provides medications for treating eye conditions.

Question 20

Nursing considerations for visual issues.

Answer 20

Consider assessing visual function and educating patients.

Question 21

Describe the optic chiasm.

Answer 21

The optic chiasm is where optic nerve fibers partially cross.

Question 22

Function of optic tracts.

Answer 22

Optic tracts carry visual information to the occipital cortex.

Question 23

Brain injuries and visual field loss.

Answer 23

Brain injuries can cause specific visual field losses.

Question 24

Role of the occipital cortex.

Answer 24

The occipital cortex processes visual information.

Question 25

Visual field defects and nerve fiber abnormalities.

Answer 25

Defects can help locate abnormalities in visual pathways.

Question 26

Components of subjective data in visual assessment.

Answer 26

Subjective data includes health history and coping with vision loss.

Question 27

Objective data in visual assessment.

Answer 27

Objective data includes visual acuity and pupil function assessments.

Question 28

Assessing a patient's visual status.

Answer 28

Visual status is assessed through data collection.

Question 29

Define visual acuity.

Answer 29

Visual acuity is the clarity of vision assessed during an exam.

Question 30

Significance of pupil function assessment.

Answer 30

Pupil function indicates neurological and optical health.

Question 31

Role of extraocular muscle functions.

Answer 31

Extraocular muscle functions are evaluated for eye movement.

Question 32

Importance of past health history.

Answer 32

Past health history helps identify vision risk factors.

Question 33

Socio-economic factors in visual assessments.

Answer 33

Socio-economic factors influence access to eye care.

Question 34

Treatments in visual assessment.

Answer 34

Treatments may include surgeries or medications.

Question 35

Initial observation in visual assessment.

Answer 35

Initial observation assesses eyes for abnormalities.

Question 36

Define visual acuity.

Answer 36

Visual acuity is the clarity of vision measured at a distance.

Question 37

Define extraocular movements.

Answer 37

Extraocular movements are controlled by extraocular muscles.

Question 38

Assessing pupil function.

Answer 38

Pupil function is assessed using the PERRLA acronym.

Question 39

Significance of lens clarity.

Answer 39

Lens clarity is vital for vision; opacities can impair it.

Question 40

Role of lashes and brows.

Answer 40

Lashes and brows protect eyes from debris.

Question 41

Importance of drainage in eye health.

Answer 41

Proper drainage maintains eye moisture and prevents dryness.

Question 42

Define sclera and its function.

Answer 42

The sclera is the white outer layer providing structure.

Question 43

What is symmetry in eye examination?

Answer 43

Symmetry refers to equal appearance and function of both eyes.

Question 44

How do eyelids contribute to eye health?

Answer 44

Eyelids protect eyes and keep them moist.

Question 45

Changes in the visual system with age.

Answer 45

Visual system structures change with age, increasing impairment risk.

Question 46

Visual impairment and age.

Answer 46

Visual impairment increases with age.

Question 47

Purpose of a Snellen chart.

Answer 47

A Snellen chart measures distance visual acuity.

Question 48

Role of tonometry in eye health.

Answer 48

Tonometry measures intraocular pressure for glaucoma screening.

Question 49

Non-contact tonometry method.

Answer 49

Non-contact tonometry measures eye pressure without contact.

Question 50

Ophthalmoscopy in eye examinations.

Answer 50

Ophthalmoscopy examines the back of the eye.

Question 51

Nursing interventions for eye health.

Answer 51

Interventions include assessing vision needs and scheduling exams.

Question 52

Benefits of sunglasses for eye health.

Answer 52

Sunglasses protect eyes from UV rays.

Question 53

Reducing exposure to irritants.

Answer 53

Use protective eyewear to minimize contact with irritants.

Question 54

Dietary considerations for eye health.

Answer 54

A balanced diet is essential for eye health.

Question 55

Nursing process for eye health promotion.

Answer 55

The nursing process involves planning and evaluating interventions.

Question 56

Describe glaucoma characteristics.

Answer 56

Glaucoma is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure.

Question 57

Prevalence of glaucoma in Canada.

Answer 57

Glaucoma affects 400,000 Canadians annually.

Question 58

Nickname for glaucoma.

Answer 58

Glaucoma is called the 'silent thief of sight' due to its progression.

Question 59

Define primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Answer 59

POAG is the most common type of glaucoma.

Question 60

Clinical manifestations of glaucoma.

Answer 60

Symptoms include elevated IOP and peripheral vision loss.

Question 61

Development of primary open-angle glaucoma.

Answer 61

POAG develops slowly, often without noticeable symptoms.

Question 62

Major risk factor for glaucoma.

Answer 62

Advanced age is a significant risk factor.

Question 63

Inflow and outflow in glaucoma.

Answer 63

In glaucoma, inflow exceeds outflow, raising pressure.

Question 64

Significance of treating primary open-angle glaucoma.

Answer 64

Early detection is crucial to prevent vision loss.

Question 65

Common vision loss associated with glaucoma.

Answer 65

Glaucoma often leads to tunnel vision.

Question 66

Therapy goals for PACG.

Answer 66

The goal is to maintain low intraocular pressure.

Question 67

Classification of Primary Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma.

Answer 67

PACG is a clinical emergency requiring immediate intervention.

Question 68

Immediate interventions for PACG.

Answer 68

Interventions include hypertonic solutions and surgery.

Question 69

Role of IOP measurements in glaucoma diagnosis.

Answer 69

IOP measurements assess eye pressure for optic nerve risk.

Question 70

Diagnostic studies for glaucoma assessment.

Answer 70

Studies include slit-lamp microscopy and visual field tests.

Question 71

Function of beta-blocker eye drops.

Answer 71

Beta-blocker drops reduce intraocular pressure.

Question 72

Purpose of hypertonic solutions in PACG treatment.

Answer 72

Hypertonic solutions lower intraocular pressure.

Question 73

Significance of laser peripheral iridotomy.

Answer 73

It creates a new drainage pathway for aqueous humor.

Question 74

Purpose of a CBC with differential.

Answer 74

A CBC with differential provides hematological system information.

Question 75

Components of a CBC with differential.

Answer 75

Components include red and white blood cells and platelets.

Question 76

Define hemoglobin.

Answer 76

Hemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood.

Question 77

What hematocrit measures.

Answer 77

Hematocrit measures the proportion of red blood cells.

Question 78

How CBC contributes to understanding organ systems.

Answer 78

A CBC reflects the health of various organ systems.

Question 79

Types of white blood cells in a CBC.

Answer 79

Includes neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.

Question 80

Significance of platelets in a CBC.

Answer 80

Platelets are essential for blood clotting.