Week 3 hitchhiker's guide Flashcards
(37 cards)
Where is the platysma m. found and what is the motor innervation and major action of these muscles?
1) Found within the superficial fascia (of the neck); thin, all over neck and onto mandible.
2) Innervation: CN7 motor for facial expression
3) Contract the muscles of the neck when teeth are clenched
Where are the sternocleidomastoid muscles found and what is the motor innervation and major action of these muscles?
1) Goes from occipital bone to medial part of clavicle
2) Innervation: motor by CN 11
3) Tilts head side to side and rotates the neck.
Note the location of the retropharyngeal space and its relationship with the pharynx
-It is the middle layer of the deep cervical fascia that surrounds the pharynx.
-Between prevertebral facia and pretracheal fascia, & the alar fascia crosses through
Where does retropharyngeal abscess develop, why is it bad, and how might this infection spread?
1) In the retropharyngeal space (a thin space in the back of the throat b/t the esophagus and prevertebral muscles)
2) Can compromise airway and ability to swallow b/c abscess is pushing everything forward, compressing it. Can happen from swallowing a fish bone.
3) Can spread by getting into the upper respiratory tract, or other spaces (parapharyngeal, submandibular, prevertebral)
Name the 4 cervical regions from anterior to posterior
1) Anterior cervical region
2) SCM region
3) Lateral cervical region
4) Posterior cervical region
1) What cervical region visibly divides the anterior and lateral regions?
2) Name 4 things found within it
1) Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) region (A)
2) SCM muscle, superior portion EJV, greater auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve
What does the posterior cervical region (B) contain? (3 things)
1) Descending part of trapezius muscle
2) Cutaneous branches of posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
3) Suboccipital region lies deep to superior part of this region
What does the lateral cervical region (C) contain? (7 things)
1) Part of EJV
2) Posterior branches of cervical plexus nerves
3) CN 11
4) Cervical lymph nodes
5) Third part of subclavian artery
6) Suprascapular artery
7) Supraclavicular lymph nodes
What does the anterior cervical region (D) contain? (8 things)
1) Submandibular gland
2) Submandibular lymph nodes
3) CN 12
4) Parts of facial artery & vein
5) Common carotid artery & its branches
6) Thyroid gland
7) Larynx and pharynx
8) Deep cervical lymph nodes
What cranial nerve courses through the lateral cervical region (c)? What does it innervate?
CN 11, innervates the trapezius and SCM
1) What forms the roots of the cervical plexus? Where is this?
2) Which part of this cervical plexus forms sensory nerves?
3) What is the nerve point of the neck?
1) Anterior rami of C1-C5; lateral cervical region
2) Superficial branches of plexus
3) The superficial part of the cervical plexus; along posterior border of the SCM jct superior and middle 3rds
Which part of the cervical plexus forms the motor nerves: phrenic n. and ansa cervicalis? What does each do?
1) Deep branches of plexus.
2) Phrenic: sole motor to diaphragm
3) Ansa cervicalis: swallowing, vocalization, and neck stabilization
Where would you expect to find the internal jugular vein?
Superficial and lateral to the carotid artery; between the clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid.
1) What is the function of the hyoid bone?
2) What innervates the suprahyoid muscles?
3) What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
1) Support and move larynx
2) Mainly by CNs 3, 7, 12
3) Spinal nerves
What do the suprahyoid muscles do? (3 things)
1) Support the hyoid bone (providing a base from which the tongue functions.
2) Elevate the hyoid bone & larynx (needed for swallowing).
3) Play a role in chewing & opening the mouth (depresses the mandible).
What do the infrahyoid muscles do? (2 things)
1) Stabilize the hyoid bone to the sternum, clavicle & scapula.
2) Depress hyoid & larynx during swallowing & speaking.
What major vessels are found in the anterior cervical region? (3 things)
1) Carotid system (common, internal, and external carotid)
2) Internal jugular vein
3) Anterior jugular veins
1) Right common carotid comes off what?
2) Left common carotid artery comes directly off _____________
1) Brachiocephalic trunk.
2) Aorta
Name 3 things found within the carotid sheath
1) Common carotid artery
2) IJV
3) CN 10 (vagus)
1) Where is the carotid body found?
2) What function does this structure perform?
3) What innervates it?
1) Next to the trachea where carotid artery splits
2) Chemoreceptor that detects low PO2 in blood; increases rate and depth of respiration & HR, BP
3) CNs 9 and 10 (visceral afferent)
1) Where is the carotid sinus found?
2) What function does this structure perform?
3) What innervates it?
1) At the beginning of the internal carotid where the common carotid splits
2) A baroreceptor that monitors systemic BP; stimulated by increases in BP
3) CNs 9 and 10 (visceral afferent)
1) Describe the relationship of the vagus nerve with the recurrent laryngeal nerve
2) Compare right and left.
3) What is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
1) The recurrent laryngeal nerve comes off the vagus nerve.
2) Right recurrent loops around right subclavian artery; left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around aortic arch and has a longer path.
3) Recurrent: innervates all intrinsic muscles of larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle.
-Supplies sensation to the larynx below the vocal cords.
Where are the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus?
In visceral part of neck bound to the pretracheal fascia
Where are the parathyroid glands found in relation to the thyroid gland?
Directly posterior to thyroid gland
