Week 4

Question 1

what is Cnidaria’s common name?

Answer 1

Jellyfish, coral, sea anemone, hydra

Question 2

what is polyp?

Answer 2

a cnidaria that has the mouth pointed upwards

Question 3

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 3

food is entered through mouth and digested and absorbed by cells lining the cavity (vase-shaped)

Question 4

define medusa

Answer 4

has motile bell-shaped body with the mouth at the bottom (cup-shaped)

Question 5

define nematocysts

Answer 5

cells in the tentacles of jellyfish or other cnidarians, that have barbed or venomous thread that can be shot out in self-defence or to capture prey.

Question 6

define hermaphrodite

Answer 6

has both male and female parts/gametes

Question 7

what are some characteristics of Cnidaria?

Answer 7

• has tentacles and cnidocytes or nematocysts
• multicellular/eukaryotic/heterotrophic
• acoelomate
• radial symmetry

Question 8

how do Cnidaria’s eat?

Answer 8

they bring food to their mouths by using their tentacles

Question 9

how do Cndaria’s breath (respiration)

Answer 9

it eliminates waste of cellular metabolism by diffusion

Question 10

what is the Cndaria’s internal transport system?

Answer 10

everything can be transported throughout the body by diffusion

Question 11

how do Cndaria’s move

Answer 11

tenticals

Question 12

How do Cndaria’s reproduce sexually and asexually?

Answer 12

asexual-buding

sexual- External fertilization

Question 13

how do roundworms(nematoda) eat

Answer 13

they use their grasping mouthparts and spines to catch and eat other small animals

Question 14

how do roundworms(nematoda) breath

Answer 14

exchange gases and excrete metabolic waste through bodywalls

Question 15

what is the roundworms(nematoda) internal transportation system

Answer 15

diffusion

Question 16

how do roundworms(nematoda) move?

Answer 16

extending their body length

Question 17

how do roundworms(nematoda) reproduce?

Answer 17

sexual- reproduce by using internal fertilization

Question 18

what is the excretion of roundworms(nematoda)

Answer 18

diffusion

Question 19

how do roundworms(nematoda) respond to the environment

Answer 19

simple nervous systems consisting of several ganglia which transmit sensory information

Question 20

what are some characteristics of roundworms(nematoda)

Answer 20

• unsegmented worms
• pseudocoelom (“false coelom”)
• bilateral symmetry
• simple tube within a tube
• it has an anus

Question 21

how do roundworms(nematoda) fit into this world

Answer 21

they are a species that parasitize their hosts, including humans

Question 22

what are some characteristics about flatworms(platyhelminthes)

Answer 22

• three germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm)
• Bilateral symmetry
• Cephaization (has a head)

Question 23

what does Coelom mean?

Answer 23

fluid filled body cavity

Question 24

what does Acoelomates mean?

Answer 24

without coelom

Question 25

how do flatworms(platyhelminthes) eat?

Answer 25

they are carnivors and they have a digestive cavity mouth and pharnx parasites

Question 26

how do flatworms(platyhelminthes) breath?

Answer 26

1. Thin bodies allow materials to difuse (resperation, excretion, ect)
2. Flame cell- speciallized cells that remove excess water

Question 27

how do flatworms reproduce?

Answer 27

asexual- splitting in two and regenerating

sexual-most are hermaphrodites (both male and female sex organs)

Question 28

what is excretion for flatworms?

Answer 28

diffusion

Question 29

what is the internal transport system for flatworms?

Answer 29

diffusion

Question 30

how do flatworms move

Answer 30

1. Cilia helps them glide through the water

2. Muscle cells help them twist and turn

Question 31

How do Flatworms respond

Answer 31

Ganglia- group of nerve cells that control the body (like abrain)
Eyespot- group of cells that can detect light (like an eye)

Question 32

define choanocytes

Answer 32

specialized cells using flagella to move a steady current of water through the sponge

Question 33

define archaeocytes

Answer 33

specialized cells that move around within the wall of the cell supplying nutrients and taking away waste

Question 34

How do Sponges(Porifera) eat?

Answer 34

As water moves through their body cavity oxygen dissolved in the water diffuses into surronding cells

Question 35

How do Sponges(Porifera) breath

Answer 35

They rely on the movement of water through their bodies to carry out body functions (by diffusion)

Question 36

What is the internal transport system for Sponges(Porifera)?

Answer 36

diffuse into the water and diffuse into surronding cells

Question 37

how do Sponges(Porifera) move?

Answer 37

they don’t (sessile)

Question 38

How do Sponges(Porifera) reproduce?

Answer 38

Asexual- the cells of the bud which are diploid divide repeatedly by mitosis, which produce genetically indentical offspring

Sexual- the joining of hapliod gametes that have been produced by meiosis (fertilization in sponge wall)

Question 39

how does Excretion function in Sponges?

Answer 39

At the same time, carbon dioxide and other wastes such as ammonia diffuse into water and are carried away

Question 40

how do Sponges respond in evironments

Answer 40

they do not have nervous systems, but in defence, they produce toxins that make them unpalatable

Question 41

what are some characteristics of Sponges

Answer 41

• asymmetry
• provide a habitat for small animals
• they can form symbiotic relationships with others

Question 42

define gemmules

Answer 42

groups of archetypes surrounded by a tough layer

Question 43

define spongin

Answer 43

a horny or fibrous substance found in the skeleton

Question 44

define osculum

Answer 44

a large hole at the top of the sponge

Question 45

define spicules

Answer 45

a spike-shaped structure made of chalklike carbonate