Week 4 - Emotions

Question 1

what are emotions

Answer 1

neural and physiological responses to the environment, subjective feelings, cognitions related to those feelings, and the desire to take action

Question 2

5 components of emotion

Answer 2

1. subjective feelings
2. neural responses
3. physiological factors
4. emotional expressions
5. the desire to take action

Question 3

is emotion same as mood?

Answer 3

no

emotion is always elicited by a specific event

mood is something that does not have a clear cause (stable)

Question 4

six basic universal emotions

Answer 4

1. happiness
2. anger
3. surprise
4. fear
5. sadness
6. disgust

Question 5

emotional experiences

Answer 5

give a +/- value to events and strengthen memories

Question 6

emotional expressions

Answer 6

are communicative

thoughts are internal, give cues via facial expression

Question 7

theories of emotion

Answer 7

discrete emotions theory

functionalist perspective

Question 8

discrete emotions theory

Answer 8

innate

associated with specific and distinctive sets of reactions

largely automatic (not cognition based)

Question 9

functionalist perspective

Answer 9

relation between self and environment

Emotions are goal directed

emotions are adapted

Question 10

Positive emotions timeline:

Answer 10

1 month: reflexive response

6/7 weeks: “social smile”

3/4 month: laughter, curiosity, responsive smiles

Question 11

negative emotions timeline (months)

Answer 11

1 - undifferentiated distress

2- anger, sadness

6 - surprise

7 - fear

8 - seperation anxiety

Preschool age: fear of imaginary figures

first birthday - anger specific/selectively

Question 12

2 self concious emotions

Answer 12

shame
guilt

Question 13

why do self conscious emotions develop later in life

Answer 13

b/c they require higher cognitive ability

• self awareness
• other awareness (ie, theory of mind - concept of other)
• social norm awareness

Question 14

shame

Answer 14

• criticize the self
• painful, shrinking, worthless
• +self blame, inter/externalizing problems

Question 15

guilt

Answer 15

criticize the behaviour

less painful than shame, remorse, regret

empathy

inter/externalizing problems

Question 16

emotion understanding..

Answer 16

crucial for the development of social competence (social interactions and social relationships)

Question 17

social referencing

Answer 17

use facial/vocal expressions to guide behaviours

Question 18

cliff video

Answer 18

baby looks at parent facial expression to gauge if it is safe

Question 19

emotional display rules

Answer 19

a social group or culture’s informal norms that distinguish how one should express oneself

• when emotions should be masked

Question 20

emotion regulation

Answer 20

involves conscious and unconscious processes

monitor and modulate emotional experiences and expressions (identify and use strategies)

Question 21

emotional variability is linked to what mental health disorders

Answer 21

depression
anxiety
aggression

Question 22

what age group is emotional variability highest in

Answer 22

adolescence

Question 23

who relies on co-regulation

Answer 23

infants

(parent comfort child ie, cuddling)

Question 24

when do kids start to develop self-regulation

Answer 24

from 5 months

• self comforting
• self distraction

(thumb sucking, looking away)

Question 25

cognitive reappraisal

Answer 25

involves changing how one thinks about or appraises a given situation

Question 26

emotional intelligence

Answer 26

ability to cognitively process our own and others emotions and use this to guide our thoughts and behaviour to achieve our personal and social goals

Question 27

4 influences that affect emotional functioning

Answer 27

social and cultural factors family factors child temperament peer influence

Question 28

social and cultural factors -> family factors

Answer 28

emotion socialization

Question 29

family factors -> child temperament

Answer 29

passive gene environment correlation

Question 30

emotional functioning

Answer 30

emotion experience understand other's emotion understand own emotion emotion regulation display rule

Question 31

role of parents

Answer 31

parent modeling emotion socialization

Question 32

parent modelling 1. happy expressions 2. angry expressions 3. non responsive

Answer 32

1. higher social competence in children 2. more behavioural problems in children 3. high distress in infants - STILL FACE EXPERIMENT

Question 33

emotion socialization

Answer 33

process through which children learn values, standards, skills knowledge and behaviours that are socially adaptive and culturally appropriate

Question 34

how can parents react with emotion socialization

Answer 34

reaction to child's emotion expression (dismissive vs support) discuss emotions with child (emotion coaching predicts better emotion understanding)

Question 35

individual differents

Answer 35

due to temperament:

Question 36

temperament

Answer 36

refers to ind differences in emotions, activity level and attention genetically based but also influenced by the environment

Question 37

3 main categories of temperament

Answer 37

easy child (40%) difficult child (10%) slow to warm up (15%)

Question 38

goodness of fit

Answer 38

the extent to which ones temperament matches the environment

Question 39

differential susceptibility

Answer 39

some people are more susceptible to the quality of the parenting style compared to other people

Question 40

moral emotions

Answer 40

link moral standards and moral behaviours

Question 41

moral emotions 4 emotions

Answer 41

- conscience - guilt - empathy - symapthy

Question 42

conscience

Answer 42

inner motivation to act accord to social and cultural norms

Question 43

empathy

Answer 43

provoked when witnessing other in distress, resonating with another emotions

Question 44

sympathy

Answer 44

being concerned for another (self other distinction)

Question 45

guilt

Answer 45

provoked when failing to live up to social standard or expectations

Question 46

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 46

individuals who do not act morally impulsive, irresponsible and often criminal behaviour lack of remorse recklessness