Week 5 Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is stratigraphy
Studying the composition and order of rock layers
What is relative time ?
Rocks or fossils are older or younger relative to each other.
What is absolute time ?
Absolute time in evolution refers to determining the exact age of rocks or fossils, which can be measured through radiometric dating or other methods.
rocks have quantifiable age
Name the 3 different types of rocks
Igneous: or “Magmatic” – coming from magma, or volcanoes!
Metamorphic: Rock that has
metamorphosed – changed – due to heat and pressure into different forms and chemical composition.
Sedimentary: formed by the
deposition of small particles
(sediments) by wind, water, ice, or oceans, and cemented together.
What is an igneous rock
When lava cools, trace
amounts of radioactive
materials are “locked” into
the minerals.
These radioactive isotopes
allow igneous rock to be
dated to an absolute age: we
can use radiometric dating
to find out how old they are!
Their features often tell us
what major geologic events
were occurring at the time.
What is sedimentary rock ?
Sedimentary rocks are created by the deposition of particles (sediments) such as sand, silt, and organic matter, often in bodies of water. Over time, these layers harden and form rock. Typically where fossils are found .
What is layering (stratification)
As new layers of sediments are deposited on top of older layers, they form a distinct stratigraphy, with older layers at the bottom and newer ones at the top.
Explain the fossilization process
Organisms that die in or near these sedimentary environments can become buried in the sediment. Over time, their remains may be preserved as fossils within these layers. Each layer can capture different organisms, depending on the environment and the time period.
When measuring time in geologic history,
we also need a consistent, physical basis, what would you use ?
Radioactive decay of different elemental isotopes can
provide exactly that consistent measure.
What are parent isotopes
the unstable isotopes that decay
What are daughter isotopes
the products of the decay process.
What is a half life
A half-life is the amount of time
required for half the amount of
parent isotope to decay into the
daughter isotope.
How can we deduce how different organisms are, or are not, related
By comparing key traits between and within groups
What is the 3 domain system
classification revised
based on analysis of
DNA
– Found two groups of
very different
prokaryotes
– One group, Archaea,
more similar to
eukaryotes (Eukarya)
than to the other group,
Bacteria
Name the 6 kingdoms
Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Name characteristics of bacteria
Simple unicellular organisms
Name characteristics of archaea
Archaea are simple unincellular organisms that often live in extreme environments
Characteristics of Protista
Unicellular and are more complex than bacteria or archaea
NAme characteristsics of fungi
unicellular or multicellular and absorb food
characteristics of plantae
multicellular and make their own food
characteristsics of animalia
multicellular and take in their food
Name characterstics of living organism s
- Grow and Reproduce
- Respond to the environment and its changes
- Evolve and Adapt
- Have a Metabolism
- Have an Organized Structure
- Are Composed of Organic Molecules
What is the basic unit of life
Cells
Name the fundamental components of cells
- Cytoplasm (a gel-like substance composed of water and
dissolved chemicals needed for growth), - Plasma membrane (also called a cell membrane or
cytoplasmic membrane) which contains the cytoplasm
and defines the cell from its environment. - DNA, in the form of at least one chromosome, which
contain the genetic blueprints of the cell. - Ribosomes, organelles used for the production of
proteins based on sequences in the DNA.
