week 5 The intersectionality of political, ethics and economics in global health: environment & climate change / food sovereignty Flashcards
(27 cards)
Intersectionality definition
The interconnectedness of politics, ethics, and economics in global health. What different individuals & groups relate differently in global health.
Intersectionality of global health
Economics: wealth leads to health
Politics: government is steward of health sector
Ethics: How choices are made
Key factors to finance health care: Available resources, stages of economic development, administrative capacity, Political will
Economics & Global health
Healthier people are less likely to miss work, health can lead to wealth.
Poor health leads to…
Decrease in investment in human capital
downward death spiral
affects working age individuals (HIV/AIDS)
destroys social network and slows down growth
Health is different than goods/services
Govern is involved: provision of services ,training HC workers, regulation of quality, determining financing requires
uncertaining aroundd pt. health & what providers will do: different levels of health.
Assymettric knowledge between various groups
Externalities:
cost &benefits of how an individual action may affect other
positive externalities - benefit to others (Eg. Vaccination herd immunity)
Negative externalities - cost to others (overuse of Abx, inc. antibiotic resistance)
Four key factors to finance health
1) Available financial resources (taxation)
2) Stages of economic development (more wealth = more spending HC services)
3) Administrative capacity (keeping medical records, auditing financial records)
4) Political will (competing against other gov’t priorities)
* spending more does not always bring better ehealth…
Challenges in the future (3)
1) Epidemiological transition: From more communicable to non-communicable
2) Aging population: higher medical costs &r sources, need for more long term care facilities
3) Population growth: 75 million people every year, mostly in the poorest countries, incr. pressure of HC resources
Anthropocene:
proposed geographical epoch dating from commencement of significant health impact on earth’s geology and ecosystems, including but not limited to anthropogenic climate change.
Key ecological aspects (all occurring at the same time)
1) Massive levels of population
2) Ocean acidification
3) Ozone layer depletion
4) resource depletion
5) Pollution & eco toxicity
6) species extinctions
Ecological determinants of health (we depend on ecosystems for the very substance of life)
Air, water, food, fuel and material, protection for UV radiation, waste recycling & detoxification, a relatively stable & livable climate
SDG 1: end poverty in all its forms everywhere
By 2030 reduce at least half the proportion and people living in poverty (international)
By 2030 build the resilience of the poor and those invulenration situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability t o climate-related events and other economic, social and enviroenemtnal shocks and disasters
food insecurity
Lack of consistent, dependable access to adequate food for active, healthy living
Health effects of food insecurity
obesity, diabetes hypertensions, low birth weight, depression, anxiety, etc.
Screening tool for food insecurity
The hunger vital sign:
within the past 12 months, we worried whether our food would run out before we got money to buy more
within the past 12 months, the food we bought just didn’t last and we didn’t have one yto get more
3 aspects of the anthropocene
1) Geological phenomenon, a new geological epic
2) An ecological phenomenon - massive & rapid global ecological change
3) A human phenomon - we are the anthroposophy in the anthropocene
* *** NOT JUST CLIMATE CHANGE!
the great acceleration
1950 - socioeconomic drivers, ecosystem results
The millennium ecosystem assessment, 2005
at the heart of this assessment is a stark warning. Human activity is putting such strain on the natural functions of earth that the ability of the planets ecosystems to sustain future generations can no longer be taken for granted
Mortgaging the health of future generations
To realize economic & development gains in the present. By unsustainably exploiting nature’s resources, human civilizations have flourished, but now risks substantial health effects from the degradation of nature’s life support systems in the future
We need to reduce our ecological footprint 80%
while meeting basic needs & ensuring his levels of human and social development good health for all
10 principles of 1 planet living
1) Health & happiness
2) Local and sustainable food
3) Equity & local economy
4) Travel & transport
5) Culture & community
6) Material and products
7) Land & nature
8) Zero waste
9) Sustainable water
10) zero carbon energy
Health benefits of a low meat diet
Shift to low –> 17% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, average 8 mouths more to life expectancy `
Health benefits of active transport
Reduce GHGs reduced air pollution reduce crash-related injuries increase physical activity reduce obesity the create democratizer
Health benefits of conservation & clean energy
Reduce GHGs
reduced air pollution
local energy democracy
increased local jobs
