week 5- the knee

Question 1

which bone is larger, the tibia or fibula

Answer 1

tibia

Question 2

which bone is on the medial side

Answer 2

tibia

Question 3

which bone is more lateral

Answer 3

fibula

Question 4

what is the intercondylar imminence

Answer 4

the lumpy structure at the top of the tibia

Question 5

where is the articulating surface of the medial condyle located

Answer 5

on the medial groove side of the tibia

Question 6

where is the articulating surface of the lateral condyle located

Answer 6

on the lateral groove on the tibia at the superior end

Question 7

where is the tibial tuberosity located

Answer 7

inferior to the condoyles and the pattela . the bump that sticks out

Question 8

where is the anterior border/crest located

Answer 8

inferior to the tibial tuberosity, the long groove that sticks out in the middle of the tibia

Question 9

where is the medial malleolus located

Answer 9

inferior part of the tibia. more medial bump that rounds downwards

Question 10

where is the distal tibia fibula attatchemnet located

Answer 10

posterior and inferior on the posterior groove of the tibia

Question 11

where is the proximal tibidibular joint located

Answer 11

below the lateral condyle of the tibia, at the head of the fibular. Where tibia and fibula meet

Question 12

where is the head located on the fibula

Answer 12

at the superior end of the fibula

Question 13

where is the lateral malleolus located

Answer 13

on the inferior end of the fibula.

Question 14

where is the distal tibiofibular joint located

Answer 14

The inferior part of tibia and fibula, where they meet
Superior to the lateral malleolus of the fibular and articulate surface of the tibia

Question 15

what type of joint is the knee

Answer 15

synovial bicondylar joing
a complex hinge joint

Question 16

where is the lateral condyle of the femur located

Answer 16

inferiorly and laterally on the femur. slightly medial between the groove in the middle of the femur.

Question 17

where is the medial condyle of the femur located

Answer 17

inferiorly and medially on the femur. slightly lateral between the groove in the middle of the femur.

Question 18

where is the intercondyle located

Answer 18

medially and inferiorly on the femur

Question 19

what type of bone is the patella

Answer 19

sesamoid bone

Question 20

where is the patella ligament located

Answer 20

between the patella and the tibia.

Question 21

where is the quadriceps tendon located

Answer 21

from the thigh
to the patella

Question 22

where is the tibial plateau located

Answer 22

at the superior surface of the tibia where the femur meets it

Question 23

where is the medial facet located on the patella

Answer 23

medially and posteriorly in a little groove

Question 24

where is the lateral facet located on the patella

Answer 24

laterally and posteriorly in the little groove

Question 25

where is the vertical ridge located on the patella

Answer 25

posteriorly on the centre ridge

Question 26

where is the base located on the patella

Answer 26

anterior and superior on the patella

Question 27

where is the apex located on the patella

Answer 27

anterior and inferior on the patella

Question 28

where is the patello femoral joint located

Answer 28

in between the patella and the femor

Question 29

what type of joint is the patello femoral joint

Answer 29

plane synovial

Question 30

what movement does the knee joint offer

Answer 30

flexion and extension in the sagittal plane some rotation when the knee is flex and off the ground

Question 31

what does the knee joint offer

Answer 31

stability ad mobility

Question 32

where is the lateral meniscus located

Answer 32

the pad of cartilage laterally, in between tibia and femur

Question 33

where is the medial meniscus located

Answer 33

the pad of cartilage medially, in between tibia and femur

Question 34

function of menisci

Answer 34

add support to articulating surfaces

Question 35

function of the collateral ligaments

Answer 35

stability, prevent lateral flexion

Question 36

where is the lateral collateral ligament located /fibulr collateral ligament

Answer 36

from the fibula to the femur, laterally on the bones.

Question 37

where is the medial collateral ligament located /tibial collateral ligament

Answer 37

from the fibia to the femur, medially (on medial side of the bones)

Question 38

are the cruciate ligaments deep or superficial

Answer 38

deep

Question 39

how many cruciate ligaments are there

Answer 39

2

Question 40

where is the anterior cruciate ligament located

Answer 40

in the anterior intertrochanteric space. runs through the gap to attach to the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 41

where is the posterior cruciate ligament located

Answer 41

turns from the posterior part of the intertrochanteric space towards the medial condyle of femur. ligaments cross over.

Question 42

function of the cruciate ligaments

Answer 42

hold tibia and femur together, whilst they're moving.

Question 43

Which cruciate ligament is weaker. What other job does it have

Answer 43

Anterior. Prevents tibia from slipping anteriorly

Question 44

What other job does the posterior cruciate ligament have

Answer 44

Prevent tibia from slipping posteriorly/ femur slipping anteriorly

Question 45

Function of posterior meniscofemoral ligament

Answer 45

Hold menisci in place

Question 46

where is the intercondyla fossa

Answer 46

the groove in the bottom of the femur, behind patella

Question 47

name palpation points on the knee, describe their location

Answer 47

patella- upside down tiangle tibial tubercle- boney point below patella gerdys tubercle- lateral to the TT fibula head- lateral and more superior to the gerdys tubercle medial collateral ligament- can't palpate but medial on side of patella lateral collateral ligament- lateral to patella

Question 48

what muscles cause flexion

Answer 48

Biceps femoris, semitendinosus andsemimembranosus; initiated by popliteus;assisted by gracilis and sartorius

Question 49

what muscles cause extension

Answer 49

Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastuslateralis, vastus medialis and vastusintermedius) assisted by tensor fasciae latae

Question 50

what muscles cause medial rotation

Answer 50

Popliteus, semimembranosus andsemitendinosus, assisted by sartorius andgracilis.

Question 51

what muscles cause Lateral rotation

Answer 51

Biceps femoris

Question 52

what is a bakers cyst

Answer 52

Fluid-filled swelling that develops at the backof the knee

Question 53

What attaches to the tibial tuberosity

Answer 53

Patella tendon

Question 54

what attaches to the gerdys tubercle

Answer 54

Iliotibial band

Question 55

what attaches to the gerdys tubercle

Answer 55

Iliotibial band

Question 56

What attaches to the epicondyles (widest part of the knee)

Answer 56

Ligaments- collateral ligament

Question 57

What attaches to the top of the fibular

Answer 57

Biceps femoris tendon

Question 58

What is the popleitus muscle origin and isertion

Answer 58

Origin- lateral surface of lateral Condyle of the femur Insertion- posterior suface of the tibia , above soleil line

Question 59

Where does the popliteus muscle run

Answer 59

Beneath lateral collateral ligament and tendon of bicep femoris

Question 60

Where is the rectus femoris located

Answer 60

In the centre of the thigh, above vastus intermedius

Question 61

Where is the vastus lateralus located

Answer 61

Laterally on the thigh, on femur

Question 62

Where is the vastus medialis located

Answer 62

Medially on femur, just above patella

Question 63

Name the hamstring muscles

Answer 63

Biceps femoris Semimembranous Semitendinous

Question 64

Name the quadriceps muscle

Answer 64

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedia’s Vastus medialis

Question 65

Where is the sartorious

Answer 65

Medially and anteriorly on the thigh. Runs over 2 joints, hip and knee, down the thigh medially

Question 66

Describe valgus movement of the knee

Answer 66

Knees fall inwards, hip adduction, hip internal rotation in a flexed position (squat)

Question 67

Describe valgus movement

Answer 67

Knees move INWARDS

Question 68

How many steps are in the gait cycle

Answer 68

2

Question 69

Make the phases in gait cycle

Answer 69

Stance phase Swing phase

Question 70

Describe stance phase

Answer 70

Initial contract Loading response Middtance Terminal stance Pre swing

Question 71

Describe swing phase

Answer 71

Initial swing Mid-swing Terminal swing

Question 72

Define gait

Answer 72

A persons manner of walking

Question 73

Why might people’s gates be different

Answer 73

bad hip/ foot/ ankle/ toe Neurological issues Spinal issues Ataxic

Question 74

Name the functions of the sartorious muscle

Answer 74

Flexes the hip Externally rotates the hip Abducts the hip Flexes and externally rotates the knee

Question 75

Origin of sartorious

Answer 75

ASIS Then crosses to medial side of thigh

Question 76

Insertion of sartorious

Answer 76

Medial side of proximal tibia

Question 77

Vastus lateralis

Answer 77

Origin: intertrochantic line, greater trochanter, gluteal Tuberosity, linear aspers of femur Insertion: tibial tuberosity, patella Innervation: femoral nerve Femoral artery

Question 78

Vastus medialis

Answer 78

Origin: intertrochantic line, pectineal line of femur, linea aspera Insertion: tibial tuberosity, patella Femoral nerve Femoral artery

Question 79

Vastus intermedius

Answer 79

Origin: anterior surface of femoral shaft Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patella ligament Femoral nerve and artery