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axial anatomy > week 6- cervical spine > Flashcards

week 6- cervical spine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the cervical spine?

A

mobility, support, and protection of spinal canal and neural structures

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2
Q

How many pairs of exiting nerve roots are in the cervical spine?

A

8

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3
Q

How many intervertebral discs in the cervical spine?

A

6

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4
Q

where does most of the lordosis occur in the cervical spine?

A

at C1-C2 segment

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5
Q

Where does approximately 50% of flexion-extension occur in the cervical spine?

A

occiput-C1

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6
Q

Where does approximately 50% of rotation occur in the cervical spine?

A

C1-C2

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7
Q

What are uncovertebral joints also known as?

A

joints of Hubert von Luschka

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8
Q

Where are uncovertebral joints found?

A

only in the cervical spine

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9
Q

What type of joint are uncovertebral joints?

A

synovial plane joints

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10
Q

Name the atypical vertebra in the cervical spine

A

Atlas (C1)
Axis (C2)
Vertebra prominens (C7)

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11
Q

Why is the atlas ring shaped?

A

provides a big surface for occipital to sit on

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12
Q

Name some features of the atlas

A

ring shaped
2 lateral masses
biconcave superior articular surface
anterior and posterior arch
inferior articular surface
transverse foramen x 2
transverse processes

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13
Q

What is another name for the dens?

A

odontoid peg

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14
Q

Name some features of the axis

A

odontoid peg
2 lateral articular facets
transverse processes and foramen x2
lamina
bifid spinous process

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15
Q

name the most prominent vertebra we can palpate in the cervical spine

A

Vertebra Prominens

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16
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

synovial ellipsoid

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17
Q

Name the articular surfaces of the atlanto-occipital joint

A

C0- occipital condyles
C1-superior articular facet on the atlas

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18
Q

How many joints in the atlanto-axial joint region?

A

two

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19
Q

What can atlanto-axial instability occur due to?

A

traumatic, congenital or inflammatory disorder

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20
Q

What is the median atlanto-axial joint between?

A

dens and articular facet on atlas

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21
Q

What type of joint is the median atlanto-axial joint?

A

synovial pivot joint

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22
Q

Name the articular surfaces of the median Atlanto-axial joint

A

convex rectangular facet on the front of the dens
concave facet inner aspect of anterior arch of the atlas
posterior surface of the dens articulates with the transverse ligament

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23
Q

What type of joint is the lateral Atlanto-axial joint?

A

synovial plane joint

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24
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the lateral Atlanto-axial joint?

A

two concave inferior facets of the atlas articulate with the two concave superior facets of the axis

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25
Q

Name the upper cervical spine ligaments

A

transverse ligament
cruciform ligament
alar ligament
apical ligament
tectorial membrane
ligamentum nuchae
posterior atlantoaxial membrane
anterior atlantoaxial membrane

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26
Q

Where are the attachments of the transverse ligament?

A

Runs transversely between the lateral masses of the atlas, attaching to the tubercle on their medial aspects

27
Q

What is the function of the transverse ligament?

A

To prevent anterior displacement of the atlas on the axis

28
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the superior longitudinal band of the cruciform ligament?

A

basilar part of the occipital bone

29
Q

What is the distal attachment of the superior longitudinal band of the cruciform ligament?

A

superior margin of the transverse ligament

30
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the inferior longitudinal band of the cruciform ligament?

A

inferior margin of the transverse ligament

31
Q

What is the distal attachment of the inferior longitudinal band of the cruciform ligament?

A

posterior aspect of the body of axis

32
Q

What is the function of the cruciform ligament?

A

stability of the region by limiting flexion

33
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the alar ligament?

A

medial aspects of the occiput

34
Q

What is the distal attachment of the alar ligaments?

A

apex of the dens

35
Q

What is the function of the alar ligaments?

A

limits flexion, rotation and side flexion
Prevents distraction of C1 on C2

36
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the apical ligament?

A

anterior edge of the foramen magnum

37
Q

What is the distal attachment of the apical ligament?

A

apex of the dens (centrally)

38
Q

What is the function of the apical ligament?

A

unknown

39
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the tectorial membrane?

A

basilar part of the occipital bone

40
Q

What is the distal attachment of the tectorial membrane?

A

posterior surface of the body of C2

41
Q

What is the function of the tectorial membrane?

A

Limits flexion

42
Q

Which ligament in the cervical spine is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

tectorial membrane

43
Q

What is the proximal attachment of ligamentum nuchae?

A

external occipital protuberance to the foramen magnum

44
Q

What is the distal attachment of ligamentum nuchae?

A

spinous process of vertebra C7

45
Q

What is the function of ligamentum nuchae?

A

supports the head
resists flexion
provides attachment for adjacent muscles

46
Q

Name some other attachments of ligamentum nuchae (not the distal or proximal main ones)

A

posterior tubercle of C1 and the spinous processes of the other cervical vertebra

47
Q

Which ligament in the cervical spine is a continuation of ligamentum flavum?

A

posterior Atlanto-axial membrane

48
Q

What does the posterior Atlanto-axial membrane do?

A

Connects the lamina of C1-C2

49
Q

Which ligament in the cervical spine is a continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Anterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

50
Q

Where does the anterior Atlanto-occipital membrane attach?

A

anterior aspect of the dens to the anterior aspect of the atlas

51
Q

Name the lower cervical spine ligaments

A

anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flavum
intertransverse ligament
interspinous ligament
ligamentum nuchae (supraspinous ligament)

52
Q

What supplies 10-20% of blood to brain?

A

vertebral artery

53
Q

What ligaments limit flexion in the cervical region?

A

transverse ligament
tectorial membrane
posterior atlanto-axial/atlanto-occipital ligament
alar ligament

54
Q

What ligaments limit extension in the cervical region?

A

tectorial membrane
anterior atlanto-axial/atlanto-occipital ligament

55
Q

What limits rotation in the cervical region?

A

contralateral alar ligaments
joint capsules
tectorial membrane
both atlanto-axial ligaments

56
Q

What is lateral flexion limited by in the cervical spine?

A

alar ligaments

57
Q

Approximately how much cervical flexion should you have?

A

70 degrees

58
Q

How do you visually estimate full range cervical flexion?

A

patient should be able to get chin to sternum or chin to within 2 fingers width of sternum for full range to be achieved

59
Q

Approximately how much cervical extension should you have?

A

70 degrees

60
Q

How can you visually estimate full range of cervical extension?

A

patient should be able to get forehead parallel to ceiling for full range to be acheived

61
Q

Approximately how much cervical rotation should you have?

A

90 degrees

62
Q

How do you visually estimate if a patient has full range of cervical rotation?

A

patient should be able to get nose level with acromion process

63
Q

Approximately how much cervical lateral flexion should you have?

A

45 degrees

axial anatomy (7 decks)

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