Week 6 - Language Flashcards

Question

reasons for sensitive period (learning 5-7 years old)

Answer 1

1. language related regions of the brain become less flexible overtime 2. children learn differently (working memory) 3. learning more about your first language makes it harder to also learn a second language

Answer 2

- hard to learn multiple languages, but could be easier than being exposed at a later age because brain is more flexible - parents can expose children to foreign languages - young children learn more intuitively - ie, deaf needs to be exposed young to learn asl

Answer 3

learning starts even before birth: new -borns prefer their mothers voice new borns prefer their mothers spoken language

Answer 4

phonological development

Answer 5

born with the ability to distinguish in all languages during their first year of life babies specialize in distinguishing phonemes of their native language = at the same time, lose ability to distinguish phonemes in other languages (perceptual narrowing)

Answer 6

rules that govern the sequence of phonemes in a word "ant vs atn"

Answer 7

which sounds often go together! helps to identify where words end and start

Answer 8

using green light green fixation light draws their attention by a flickering light on right or left, and once kid turns head a sound is played

Answer 9

how long children keep their head turned to an auditory stimulus

Answer 10

start mouth movements to gain control over mouth movement

Answer 11

comfort sounds

Answer 12

phonetic sequences (cooing)

Answer 13

marginal babling

Answer 14

6-1 months sound sequences, blah,blah

Answer 15

some sounds are easier to produce and occur in more languages (ie, mama)

Answer 16

10-15 months important, ie, mom

Answer 17

18 months of age

Answer 18

important for word learning

Answer 19

melody and stress patterns of language to stress new words ie, i did NOT eat the cookie

Answer 20

1. mutual exclusivity 2. whole object assumptions 3. cross situational word learning 4. objects that look the same must go by the same name

Answer 21

an object will only have one name

Answer 22

a new word must refer to the entire object

Answer 23

words that are linked to objects across situations are more likely to go together

Answer 24

grammatical structure of sentences can be used to infer meaning of new words children learn word meanings by recognizing syntactic categories (such as nouns, adjectives, etc.) and the structure of their language.

Answer 25

overextension under-extension

Answer 26

using word in broader context than appropriate "cat" is used to indicate all animals

Answer 27

using word in more limited context than appropriate "cat" is only used to indicate own pet cat

Answer 28

end of second year

Answer 29

researchers examine whether infants know-how to apply morphemes to words havent heard before

Answer 30

children 4-yo have internalized rules of english grammar and can apply them to made-up words

Answer 31

morphology and syntax

Answer 32

set of rules govering internal structure of words

Answer 33

knowledge of how words can be combined into phrases and sentences

Answer 34

tendency to apply regular grammar to irregular forms of words *quite rare ie, was (past tense vs plural)

Answer 35

how language is used to communicate effectively and socially appropriately

Answer 36

from concrete (naming, greeting) to more abstract (talking about past/future events)

Answer 37

theory of mind and social cognition

Answer 38

N. chomskry (LAD THEORY) humans process universal structures underly all languages humans are born with a language acquisition device language all over world are similar not all words are taught (generative language)

Answer 39

enviromental factors are also universal - all parents talk to child language learning is also reinforced -> infant babbling increase parental interCTION (