Week 6 - physical activity and children Flashcards
Physical activity reduces the incidence of juvenile delinquency. Name three of the theories that explain this
This surplus energy theory, the stimulus seeking theory and the boredom theory
Physical activity reduces symptoms of stress anxiety and depression in children, True or false?
True
State other psychosocial benefits of physical activity in children (suggested by Nieman, 2002)
- Helps children cope with symptoms of ADHD, learning disorders, and autism
- Positively affects self-esteem, concentration, memory, and classroom behaviour
- May promote character development**
Give figures of physical inactivity prevalence in children
- As few as 49% of boys and 35% of girls aged 6-11 years in the US engage in the recommended
- 3 and 4-year-olds in Britain spend 80 per cent of their waking hours immobile
- 7-16 years – ‘couch potato’ generation
What are the four Contributors to Children’s Physical Activity Motivation?
- Biological contributors e.g .genetic predisposition
- Social contributors- Significant others, access, Gender related factors
- Developmental contributors - Physical maturity, cognitive development and experience
- Psychological Contributors – enjoyment
Perceived competence (am I able?) Autonomy/perceived control Positive affective experiences Social relationships Are all examples from which category of contributors a children's motivation for physical activity??
Psychosocial Contributors
Give an example of a delinquent?
Ryan Walker
Who devised the competence motivational theory and when?
Harter. (1978:1981)
What are the three main domains of achievement?
Cognitive (academic), social.(peer relationships) and physical (games and sports)
The competence motivation theory states that motivational Processes are influenced by what?
- An individuals self-perceptions of the possibility of future success
- Perceptions of situational control
- Affective reactions to participation
- Significant others
- Expectations for reinforcement
What is the self-perceptions profile the children by Harter 1985?
It is a self assessed Perceived competence measurement of 5 domains.
These domains are : Scholastic competence, social acceptance, Athletic competence, physical appearance and behavioural conduct
Who devised the expectancy value theory?
Eccles and Harold (1991)
Explain the three categories of the expectancy value theory
Expectancy- Belief that one’s effort will result in effective performance
Instrumentality- Belief that one’s performance will be rewarded
Valence - Perceived value of the rewards to the individual
Describe the self-determination theory (deci and Ryan 1985) in terms of its three domains
Autonomy- The need to perceive that one has choice and is in control of one’s behaviour
Competence- The need to feel effective at achieving desired outcomes
Relatedness- The need to connect with others and feel involved in a social context
Name and describe the three measures/scales that are used in conjunction with the self determination theory
Basic Psychological Needs Scale
Self-report questionnaire - 21 items concerning needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness
Self-determination scale (SDS)
10-item scale, with two 5-item subscales (awareness of oneself and perceived choice in one’s actions)
Motive for PA measure (MPAM-R)
Five motives are assessed; fitness, appearance, competence, enjoyment, and social
