WEEK #6 WEEK OF 10/21/13 PART I – FFP – MD’s {Sec. 1 – 5} PART II – ERP {Pgs 24 – to the end} PART III – TB – TOOLS #24, 26, 27 & 28 PART IV – COMMUNICATION MANUAL – CHAP. #10 ADD #2 INSTRUCTOR: BC PAT SHERIDAN Flashcards
PART I – FFP – MD’s {Sec. 1 – 5} PART II – ERP {Pgs 24 – to the end} PART III – TB – TOOLS #24, 26, 27 & 28 PART IV – COMMUNICATION MANUAL – CHAP. #10 ADD #2
PART I – FFP – MD’s {Sec. 1 – 5}:
1. FDNY Firefighting Procedure Bulletins often begin by reinforcing the provisions of FDNY
Procedures dealing with the Safety Team (Two-In Two-Out). Which one of the following
choices is incorrect concerning these procedures? (1.1.4)
(A) When a fire progresses past the incipient stage, the fire area must be considered an IDLH
atmosphere.
(B) Every member entering the IDLH must be equipped with personal protective equipment
and a SCBA.
(C) No member shall enter an IDLH atmosphere unless the member teams-up with at least one
other member and remains within voice and visual contact with that member.
(D) If a known life hazard is found and immediate action could prevent the loss of life,
appropriate action (rescue activity) may be taken by the individual member. If such action is
taken, the IC must be immediately notified and appropriate adjustments made.
- C
- Old Law Tenements (OLTs) are multiple dwellings built before 4/12/01. These buildings
are 3 to 7 seven stories in height, 20’to 25’ wide, and 50’ to 85’ deep. Which one of the
following is an incorrect description of these buildings? (Sec. 2.1, FFP Tenements 7.2.6)
(A) Class 3, non-fireproof construction (brick walls, wood floor beams and wood floors). Steel
columns and beams will not be found in Old Law Tenements, including buildings that have been
renovated.
(B) Originally the stairs and stairway enclosures were wood with wood lath and plaster
partitions. In 1934 most of these buildings were required to fire retard the stairway enclosure.
(C) Two means of egress from each apartment almost always consisting of an interior stairway
and a fire escape. To provide light and air to each room, shafts of different shapes and sizes are
provided between adjoining buildings.
(D) Stairway to the cellar is located inside the building, usually beneath the interior stairway.
- A
- New Law Tenements (NLTs) are Multiple Dwellings built after 4/12/1901. These
buildings are larger than Old Law Tenements and usually contain several apartments on each
floor. NLTs are generally six or seven stories high, 35’ to 50’ wide, 85’ deep, with five to six
apartments per floor. Of the following choices, which one does not correctly describe NLTs?
(2.2.1)
(A) The first floor (cellar ceiling) is of fireproof construction and unpierced.
(B) The entrance to the cellar is by way of an exterior stair.
(C) The interior stairs are fireproof and enclosed in partitions of fireproof construction.
Apartment doors are constructed of fire resistant materials.
(D) All interior walls and furred partitions are required to be fire stopped at each story.
(E) Steel “I” beams were introduced to carry floor joists which couldn’t span enlarged floor
areas. These steel beams generally were supported by steel columns.
- E
The second means of egress is either another stairway or an exterior fire escape. The
fire escape is more generally found in these buildings.
All interior walls and furred partitions are required to be fire stopped at each story.
Steel “I” beams were introduced to carry floor joists which couldn’t span the enlarged
floor areas. These steel beams generally were supported by masonry walls.
- Newer types of NLT’s erected between 1916 and 1929 included several features that
distinguished them from earlier NLTs. These buildings had a much larger floor area (e.g.
150’x200’) than the earlier NLTs. Which one of the following features of these buildings is
described correctly? (2.2.2)
(A) To avoid being required to be built of fireproof construction, the floor areas were broken up
into units of 3000 square feet or less. This means that between some apartments there are brick
or fireproof partitions which effectively limit the horizontal spread of fire.
(B) These brick or fireproof dividing walls only go as high as the underside of the roof boards.
This results in a very large undivided cockloft area. Fire can, and often does, spread throughout
this large cockloft area.
(C) Protected steel beams are used to support some of the wood floor joists. These steel beams
are supported by vertical steel columns which run the height of the building.
(D) Wooden floor joists (beams) run horizontally from brick wall to a steel girder or from a
steel girder to a steel girder.
(E) Entrance to the basement is by a front door at that level via an exterior stair from the first
floor, or through a passageway located in the rear of the building.
- D
To avoid being required to be built of fireproof construction, the floor areas were
broken up into areas of 2,500 square feet or less. This means that between some
apartments there are brick or fireproof partitions which effectively limit the
horizontal spread of fire. However, these dividing walls only go as high as the ceiling
of the top floor.
Unprotected steel beams are used to support some of the wood floor joists. These
steel beams are supported by vertical steel columns which run the height of the
building.
Entrance to the basement is by a side or rear door at that level, accessed via an
exterior stair from the first floor, or through a passageway located in the front of the
building
- After 4/18/29 the Class “A” apartment type of multiple dwelling were no longer called
“Tenements” and became known as “Apartment Houses.” It must be emphasized that no matter
what protection a law provides, it cannot be depended upon entirely in these NFP buildings due
to renovations, settling of the building, shoddy workmanship originally or repair work. Which of
the following is correct concerning protection found in Class “A” multiple dwellings built after
4/18/29? (2.2.3 C, D, 2.2.2 D)
(A) A NFP building constructed in 1935 would have firewalls required to be carried to the top
of the roof boards and the size of the area enclosed by fire walls is 3000 square feet.
(B) A NFP building constructed in 1941 would have firewalls required to be carried to the
underside of the roof boards and the size of the area enclosed by fire walls is 2500 square feet.
(C) A NFP building constructed in 1930 would have firewalls required to be carried to the
underside of the roof boards and the size of the area enclosed by fire walls is 3000 square feet.
(D) A NFP building constructed in 1933 would have firewalls required to be carried to the top
of the roof boards and the size of the area enclosed by fire walls is 2500 square feet.
- C
Between 1930 and 1940, firewalls were required to be carried to the underside of the
roof boards, and after 1940, to the top of the roof boards. These changes were
designed to effectively reduce the size of the cockloft and limit fire spread.
The size of the area to be enclosed by fire walls is 3,000 square feet. This is larger
than the area of an OLT, and it should be realized that there are several of these areas
under one roof of later built multiple dwellings.
- Engine operations are similar in Old Law Tenements, New Law Tenements, and NFP Class
“A” Multiple Dwellings erected after 4/18/29. Which is the only correct choice concerning
engine operations in these buildings? (3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.6)
(A) The front suction inlet is not to be used in order to ensure that arriving ladder apparatus are
not blocked out.
(B) In most cases, the first line is stretched via the interior stairs to the location of the fire. An
exception to stretching the first line up the interior stairs may be made when flame is issuing
from windows opening onto the fire escape and endangering people trying to come down the fire
escape. In this case, the first line may be operated from the street to protect people on the fire
escape.
(C) If the entrance door to the building is self-closing and equipped with a locking device the
first officer entering the building should use a chock, rug or other means of preventing the door
from locking and thereby delaying other members trying to enter the building.
(D) In order to provide a reliable and uninterrupted flow of water, all arriving engine and squad
companies (when assigned as an engine or squad) shall locate and connect to a positive water
source (hydrant, drafting, etc.)
- B
3.2.1 Exercise caution when using the front suction inlet so as not to block out arriving
ladder apparatus. Place the apparatus as close to parked cars as possible and use
the side suction inlet. This will permit an aerial ladder or tower ladder to get in
front of the fire building if necessary.
If the entrance door to the building is self-closing and
equipped with a locking device, the first member entering the building should use a
chock, rug or other means of preventing the door from locking and thereby delaying
other members trying to enter the building.
3.2.6 In order to provide a reliable and uninterrupted flow of water, all arriving engine
and squad companies (assigned as an engine) shall locate, test and confirm a
positive water source (hydrant, drafting, etc.).
- How many of the following indicate correct uses of a roof line in Multiple Dwellings?
(3.2.10) - Engine 100 operates a hoseline into a ventilation hole from the roof at a severe cockloft fire
which cannot be extinguished from below. - Engine 400 operates a roof line to prevent fire from extending past a trench that has been
cut in the roof. - Fire is observed blowing out two windows on the top floor, threatening to extend to
Exposure 2. The IC orders Engine 100, who is on the roof with a hoseline, to operate their
line to prevent the fire from extending to Exposure 2. - BC Jones, the Roof Sector Supervisor, orders Engine 200 to use their hoseline that is
standing fast on the roof to extinguish fire in the cornice below them, due to the units on
the top floor being unable to extinguish this fire.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
- C (2,3,4)
3.2.9 Hoselines should not be operated into ventilation holes from the roof as this
decreases ventilation and nullifies the action of lines operating on the top floor.
A roof line should be used only to prevent fire from extending past the trench, to
protect exposures, or to extinguish fire that cannot be reached from below, such
as fire in a cornice.
- The proper stretching of hoselines on the initial alarm is critical to a successful operation.
Which of the following is incorrect concerning hoseline stretching and placement at fires in
Multiple Dwellings? (3.2.12)
(A) The first line stretched for a fire in a multiple dwelling should be stretched by way of the
interior stairs. The primary purpose of this line is to safeguard the stairway so that it can be used
by the escaping occupants. Rapid positioning and operation of this line requires the door to the
fire apartment to be opened as soon as the hose line is charged and positioned at the door. The
hose line can be operated immediately into the fire apartment to protect people coming down the
stairway from the floors above.
(B) The second hoseline is also usually stretched by way of the interior stairs to the same floor
as the first line. It is meant to augment the first line, if necessary. If not needed on the original
fire floor it is then advanced to the floor above.
(C) The third line in the building should usually be stretched via the fire escape. This is
especially true in Old Law Tenements because the stairway is narrow and the stretching of a
third line via the interior stairs would result in congestion and inability to move any of the
hoselines.
(D) In some cases, the second or third lines may be urgently needed in one of the exposures.
The decision as to the location to which these lines shall be stretched rests with the IC and is
based on his/her size-up of the fire situation.
(E) At a fire in an Old Law Tenement it is often necessary to stretch the second line or the third
line into Exposure 2 or 4 because fire has extended or is about to extend across the narrow shaft
or shafts between buildings.
- A
3.2.11 Stretching of hoselines on the first alarm:
The first line stretched for a fire in a multiple dwelling should be stretched by
way of the interior stairs. The primary purpose of this line is to safeguard the
stairway so that it can be used by the escaping occupants. The door to the fire
apartment must not be opened while people are coming down the stairway
from the floors above. When the safety of the stairway is assured, this first
line may be advanced to extinguish the fire.
- Ladder Companies have many duties and responsibilities at Multiple Dwelling fires.
Which one of the following choices is a correct action for Ladder companies to perform?
(3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.3.9)
(A) Discretion should be used in the breaking of windows in apartments not involved in fire.
Efforts should be made to open these windows where possible and necessary. Windows should
be opened 1/3 from the top and 2/3’s from the bottom to allow heat and smoke to vent and cool
air to enter the room.
(B) If there is a medium smoke condition and moderate heat in the apartment and the windows
cannot be opened, they should be left intact after a search has been made.
(C) Officers must not permit any material to be thrown out of windows unnecessarily. A
member should always be posted in the yard or street below, if available, to prevent injuries to
anyone from falling material. If time permits, examination of yard shall be made before
discarding any material into the yard to assure that no occupant has jumped into the yard prior to
the arrival of Fire Department Units.
(D) When fire is on the top floor or in the cockloft, sufficient firefighters with hooks must be
sent to the top floor to pull ceilings, especially for the larger non-fireproof multiple dwellings. It
may be necessary to use engine companies for this purpose or to special call additional ladder
companies.
- D
Windows should be opened 2/3’s from the top and 1/3 from the
bottom to allow heat and smoke to vent and cool air to enter the room.
If there is
a tolerable smoke condition and very little heat in the apartment and the windows
cannot be opened, they should be left intact after a search has been made.
Examination of yard must be made before
discarding any material into the yard to assure that no occupant has jumped into
the yard prior to the arrival of Fire Department units. No material shall be thrown
onto roofs of building setbacks or into narrow shafts.
- Who is responsible to make known to the IC and other members the manner in which the
floors and apartments are designated, i.e., whether numerically or alphabetically? (3.5.5)
(A) The first FF inside the fire building.
(B) The officer of the first unit that is 10-84.
(C) The first officer inside the fire building.
(D) The Roof FF of the first arriving ladder company.
- C
- Gas meters are usually in the cellar but they may also be found in apartments and in public
hallways. Which of the following is a proper procedure to follow if these gas meters are found?
(3.5.9)
(A) If gas meters are burning they should be extinguished as soon as possible to prevent the gas
concentration from reaching its’ lower explosive limit.
(B) If fire at the meter is not extinguished immediately, gas will continue to discharge and an
explosion or flash fire may occur when the gas comes in contact with a source of ignition.
Combustible material near the burning meter is not an immediate threat and no action is
necessary while waiting for the gas supply to be shut off.
(C) If gas is leaking without being ignited, the gas supply should be shut off and the area
ventilated as much as possible. Members should be moved away from the area of leaking gas.
Fog lines may be used for venting.
(D) A leak or break in the piping should be allowed to discharge freely and ventilated as much
as possible while waiting for the gas to be shut off. Rags or paper should not be stuffed into the
break, as this will cause a dangerous increase in pressure in the piping.
- C
If gas is leaking without being ignited, the gas supply should be shut off and
the area ventilated as much as possible. Members should be moved away
from the area of the leaking gas. Fog lines may be used for venting. A leak
or break in the piping may be stopped or greatly diminished by stuffing rags,
paper, etc., into the break.
- As a general rule, outside streams should not be directed into occupied buildings.
Occupants should be removed first. However, in some cases, life safety or fire conditions may
require that outside streams be used in occupied buildings. For example, to protect people on a
fire escape or for heavy fire in a store. All of the following are incorrect statements about
outside streams except which one? (3.5.10)
(A) Some of the situations which may call for the use of outside streams are: To protect life by
putting a stream between the fire and the occupants, to protect exposures, to confine the fire, or
to diminish heavy fire so that an interior attack can be made.
(B) Only a Chief Officer may order the use of outside streams. For example, the first arriving
BC may order the deckpipe used for a store fire.
(C) The air movement resulting from the use of large caliber streams must be considered. The
air movement caused by the stream will, at times, drive the fire, heat, combustible gases and
smoke into uninvolved areas of the building. At large area building fires, a careful positioning of
apparatus and operation of outside streams should be attempted so that fire and heat will be
driven away from the point of origin in order to adequately ventilate the fire area.
(D) The use of outside streams into a building can cause injuries to members operating inside
the building. Members inside the building must be warned, and moved outside the building
before outside streams are directed into the building. This exterior location must be verified by
personal contact, by the Incident Commander of the fire.
- A
Some of the
situations which may call for the use of outside streams are:
To protect life by putting a stream between the fire and the occupants.
To protect exposures.
To confine the fire.
To diminish heavy fire so that an interior attack can be made.
C. Only the Incident Commander may order the use of outside streams. This
may be the first arriving officer. For example, the IC may order the
deckpipe used for a store fire.
D. The air movement resulting from the use of large caliber streams must be
considered. At large area building fires, a careful positioning of apparatus
and operation of outside streams should be attempted so that fire and heat
will be driven away from uninvolved areas and back toward the point of
origin of the fire.
- The severe life hazard in Old Law Tenements because of the crowded living conditions and
the ease with which fire can spread requires prompt and efficient stretching of hoselines by
engine companies. Choose the incorrect point about Old Law Tenements. (4.1.2,
4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.1.6)
(A) At least the first length of hose should be brought up to the floor below the fire and the
hose strap attached to prevent hose from slipping back down the well hole of the stairway. When
performing the well hole stretch, it is important that the hoseline is removed from the well on the
floor below the fire.
(B) If people are out on the fire escape when the first engine company arrives, and it appears
that those people are in danger because of fire coming out the windows, then two lines should be
stretched. One line is to remain in the street to protect people on the fire escape and the other
line to be taken into the building.
(C) Engine companies with lines in exposures can extinguish a great deal of fire in the fire
building by operating across a shaft. However, this should not be done without permission of the
IC as it may drive the fire at members advancing from the interior.
(D) The absence of a fire escape on the front of an OLT will usually indicate that the
apartments are railroad flats. Corner buildings may be exceptions to this general rule.
- A
4.1.2 At least the first length of hose should be brought up to the fire floor and the hose
strap attached to prevent hose from slipping back down the well hole of the
stairway.
- Engine 200 responds 1st due to a fire in the cellar of 100 Smith Street, which is a 5 story
OLT. Radio reports from Ladder 100, the first arriving ladder, confirm that there is a major fire
in the cellar, and there are no outside cellar entrances at the front or rear. Which of the following
is an incorrect procedure for units to follow at this fire? (4.2.1)
(A) The first line should be stretched to the cellar entrance door which is located inside the
building, under the interior stairway on the first floor.
(B) The first hand line should not be advanced down the cellar stairs. This line should remain
at this position to provide protection for people coming down the stairway, and to extinguish fire
which may be extending upwards from the cellar via partitions, dumbwaiter shafts and other
voids.
(C) Ventilation must be provided at the roof over the stairway, at the top of the dumbwaiter
shaft and other shafts and vertical openings. Ventilation must also be provided via the cellar
windows, doors, trap doors, and by intermittently opening and closing the door at the top of the
interior cellar stairs after all of the occupants have been evacuated.
(D) Ladder companies check for extension on the upper parts of the building since OLTs do not
have the advantage of a fireproof cellar ceiling such as is found in buildings erected at a later
date. This spread of fire may be via combustible ceilings, partitions, shafts, pipe recesses and
other voids.
- B
The only thing i see wrong with B is is doesn’t say “unless the fire is minor” but the truck confirms a major fire.
What am I missing ?
- If the building in Question # 14 had a front or rear outside cellar entrance, where would the
second hoseline be stretched? (4.2.1 C)
(A) Into the front door on the first floor, to act as a back up line to the 1st hose line.
(B) Advanced into the cellar by way of the front or rear entrance to the cellar.
(C) To an upper floor to stop the spread of fire via combustible ceilings, partitions, shafts, pipe
recesses and other voids.
(D) To Exposure 2, to prevent the spread of fire via common cellar beams.
- B
4.2.3 The second hoseline stretched should be advanced into the cellar by way of the
front or rear entrance to the cellar.
- When should a 2 ½” line be stretched in an Old Law Tenement? (4.2.2 A)
(A) A serious cellar fire.
(B) A large volume fire in a store
(C) Fire in the cockloft
(D) Never. Due to the need for speed and maneuverability in Old Law Tenements, all interior
hand lines shall be considered 1 ¾”.
- B
4.3.1 Store fires in OLTs may involve a large amount of combustible material. A 2 ½”
line should be stretched for large volume fires and a second line stretched to the
entrance hallway. When assured that the second line is not needed on the first
floor, it may be advanced to the floor above the fire.
- Store fires in Old Law Tenements may involve a large amount of combustible material and
a present many challenges to members. Which of the following is an incorrect consideration at
these store fires? (4.2.2)
(A) A charged hoseline must be ready before the store is ventilated. It is especially important
that no plate glass windows be broken without a charged line being ready.
(B) Stores in Old Law Tenements may have a door which opens into the public hallway on the
first floor. The first floor public hallway should be examined immediately to determine whether
the means of egress for the occupants of the building is in danger from the store fire. If so, a
hoseline should be positioned to protect the interior stairs.
(C) Store owners may use the rear of the store as their living quarters, so it is important to
search the rear of stores as soon as possible. Access to the rear will be extremely difficult
because of iron bars on windows and the interior hall door possibly nailed shut.
(D) Due to the potential for serious fires caused by the large amount of combustible material, a
second hose line should be stretched as soon as possible to back up the first hoseline. The
second hoseline will advance into the store with the first hoseline if necessary, or will stand fast .
If a hoseline is needed on the floor above the fire, a third hoseline shall be stretched.
- D
When assured that the second line is not needed on the first
floor, it may be advanced to the floor above the fire.
- The stairway in Old Law Tenements is the primary means of egress for occupants. If the
fire has extended into the stairway from an apartment, it is possible that the fire escape exit may
also be cut off by flame from the apartment windows. Which one of the following choices is an
incorrect tactic to consider at these serious stairway fires? (4.2.4)
(A) The first hoseline should be stretched up the stairway, operated to extinguish fire, shut
down and advanced further up the stairway. When possible, the line should be operated up the
wellhole to cool off the hall and stairs above.
(B) The first hoseline should remain on the floor below the top floor in case the fire extends to
an apartment.
(C) A second line should follow up extinguishing operations and to serve as protection for
members advancing the first line. Apartments must be checked for possible extension of fire in
them.
(D) Ventilation at the roof over the stairway is extremely important so that hoseline can
advance up the stairway.
(E) It is important that members do not overload the stairway in these old buildings. Those not
immediately necessary to the operation should remain on the floors below.
- B
4.5.2 The first hoseline should be stretched up the stairway, operated to extinguish fire,
shut down and advanced further up the stairway. When possible, the line should
be operated up the well hole to cool off the hall and stairs above. This procedure
should be repeated until line is advanced to the top floor.
- Air, Light and Dumbwaiter shaft fires may result in fire extending into a building or into
two buildings through window openings. Which of the following is a correct action to take at
these shaft fires? (4.2.6)
(A) The first hoseline should always be stretched to the base of the shaft. Sufficient hose must
be stretched to reach the upper floors of the building.
(B) A hoseline should be stretched to the nearest point from which water can be directed onto
fire in the shaft. Sufficient hose must be stretched to reach the upper floors of the building.
(C) The second hoseline should always be stretched to the top floor of the building to
extinguish fire in the shaft and any fire that has extended to the cockloft.
(D) For fires in rooms in the vicinity of a shaft, the line should be operated up the shaft to
extinguish fire and cool the shaft only when the fire in the room has been completely
extinguished.
- B
4.7 OPERATIONS AT AIR AND LIGHT AND DUMBWATER SHAFT FIRES:
4.7.1 Windows opening on shafts may provide means for fire to extend into a building
or into two buildings. This is especially true in warm weather, when windows
may be open. Prompt examination must be made to determine if fire has
extended into buildings, and windows must be closed to prevent fire or flying
brands from entering. In some shafts, there are doors at cellar level leading into
cellars of both buildings.
4.7.2 A hoseline should be stretched to the nearest point from which water can be
directed onto fire in the shaft. Sufficient hose must be stretched to reach the
upper floors of the building.
4.7.3 A second hoseline may be necessary if it appears that fire might have extended
into the adjoining building.
4.7.4 In some cases, the base of the shaft may be the roof of a store or ceiling of a cellar
and the fire may burn down into the store or cellar.
4.7.5 Shafts may be open or covered. It is important to ventilate those shafts which
have skylights or any other covering.
4.7.6 For fires in rooms in the vicinity of a shaft, after the fire in the room has been
knocked down, the line should be operated into the shaft in order to knock down
the shaft fire before continuing through the apartment for knockdown and final
extinguishment.
- Because of the short span of floor beams- 25’, and the fact that the floors are not heavily
loaded, the collapse of floors in OLT’s is usually not a problem. However, there have been
instances of collapse, including floors collapsing when there were previous fires and the floor
beams were badly burned. Choose the incorrect point about collapses in Old Law Tenements.
(4.3.1, 4.3.2)
(A) Floor joist which are supported by masonry walls are generally provided with fire cuts.
(B) At times, there have been collapses of older buildings not associated with fires, such as
when adjoining buildings have been torn down or when excavations are being dug on adjacent
land.
(C) Any indication of collapsing floors during fire operations should be promptly reported to
the Incident Commander so that units can be withdrawn to safe positions. These indications of
possible collapse may include plaster ceilings falling, floors or ceilings sagging, and unusual
creaking noises.
(D) When the metal cornice at the roof has been involved by heavy fire for a short period of
time, the cornice or parts of it may suddenly fall. It is important to be aware that this may
happen and to keep members, and other people away from the front of the building.
- D
4.8.2 Roof Cornices at Front of Building-Possibility of Falling:
When the metal cornice at the roof level has been involved by heavy fire for a
considerable time, the cornice or parts of it may suddenly fall. It is important to
be aware that this may happen and to keep members, and other people, away from
the front of the building. Members stretching lines up the front fire escape or
operating from the front fire escape must also be warned and moved to a safe
position when it appears that the cornice may fall
- Although it is no longer permitted to convert Old Law Tenements to Single Room
Occupancies, thousands of such buildings have been converted and are still being used as Single
Room Occupancies (SRO’s). All of the following are correct except for which point? (4.3.4)
(A) In these SRO’s the individual rooms in each apartment are rented to occupants and the
bathroom and kitchen facilities are used by all of the occupants of the apartment.
(B) These buildings require sprinklers in each room and in the stairway. The sprinkler system
is usually supplied by a roof tank, or more infrequently by supplying the Siamese connection.
(C) Each individual room is equipped with a lock; many with padlocks on the outside. Just
because a door is found padlocked, do not assume that the room is empty. Someone may be
locked in the room. Entry must be made and all rooms searched.
(D) The layout of the rooms must be arranged so that each occupant has access to both means
of egress (stairs and fire escape) without having to go through another person’s room.
(E) These SRO’s also require an interior alarm system to warn the occupants of fire. Exit
lights and signs must be provided.
- B
E. These buildings require sprinklers in each room and in the stairway. The
sprinkler system has no roof tank; it is supplied from the water main in the
street. The system cannot be supplied by the Fire Department.
- The “H” type design of residence buildings differs from the older tenements and the newer
high rise multiple dwellings in that there are three structural elements to support the structure:
Masonry bearing walls, wood beams that support floors and roof, and structural steel columns,
beams and girders that connect and support sections of the “H” type building. Steel in the “H”
type structure creates three concerns to the fire service. Which of the following is not correctly
listed as one of these concerns? (5.1.1 B, C)
(A) Steel when heated expands, and substantial elongation can occur at a fire. This elongation
can cause a wall to bulge, move, or even collapse if the steel is set within the wall.
(B) Steel when heated to higher temperatures during a fire may fail. Floor beams supported by
such failing steel will fall to the floor below.
(C) Steel columns or girders, generally in an “I” beam shape, transmit fire and heat. The “I”
beam or channel rail, as it is sometimes called, when in the form of a column located in the inner
framework of a building may extend fire from the cellar up to the top floor ceiling and not
beyond.
- C
Steel columns are vertical structural members designed in an “H” shape; they
are also known as channel rails. When located in the inner framework of a
building, may extend from the first floor up into the roof space or cockloft
area (Figure 8). The space between the enclosing wood framework and
column leads up into the cockloft and many times spreads fire, heat or smoke
to this roof space (Figure 9).
Steel girders are horizontal structural members designed in an “I” shape; they
are also known as “I” beams. I” beams will transmit fire, heat or smoke
horizontally into adjoining areas.
- Roof operations are very important at fires in “H” type buildings, especially when fire
extends to the cockloft. Which one of the following choices in not correct concerning roof
construction and operations in “H” type building? (5.1.1 D, 5.3.3 A, B)
(A) The most common roof has the top floor ceiling several feet below the main roof beams.
This provides for a sturdy roof.
(B) In the inverted, raised or reversed roof the main roof beams are at the ceiling level and a
framework is raised above these beams with the roof boards attached. This roof is normally
springy but it permits the roof to be pitched so that water will run off.
(C) If there is a heavy body of fire in the cockloft, expect at least a partial collapse of the
inverted roof. Since the inverted roof is constructed of 2’x4’s, they will burn away faster than
the main roof beams and the roof section will come to rest on these beams.
(D) Top floor fires always present the possibility of fire extending into the cockloft. It is
imperative for the IC to assign a roof sector supervisor early into the operation. The roof sector
supervisor must always be a chief officer due to the critical importance of this position.
(E) When it is necessary to cut holes in the roof, initially, approximately a 3’x6’ coffin cut is
recommended. Two saws should be put into operation promptly to prevent lateral spread of fire
in the cockloft.
- D
- Interior shafts and voids are found throughout “H” type buildings. The potential for fire
extension is great in these buildings as a result of these voids. Choose the incorrect point about
these voids. (5.1.1 F)
(A) Steel columns, known as channel rails, are erected vertically from the foundation to the
cockloft. Their locations vary according to the architect’s design, and are at times difficult to
find. They are often located in voids behind closets. Our main concern is they are not fire
stopped.
(B) Vertical voids, created by Channel Rails, are about one foot square. These voids may be
larger when the void is built to include waste and water pipes.
(C) When the fire is knocked down and opening up begins, areas where the lath has been
burned must be examined for the presence of steel columns (Channel Rails). If detected,
locations above the fire must be checked immediately.
(D) Waste pipe recesses exist wherever a kitchen or bathroom exists. Their presence may be
picked up first by the roof firefighter who notes the location of exposed waste pipes atop roofs
which line up with the fire below. If the pipe is hot to the touch with an ungloved hand initiate a
ventilation hole with the saw.
(E) Closets’ construction atop one another sometimes provides a vertical artery. Workmanship
may be shoddy in closets creating openings for fire travel. They are usually back to back with
other closets. This may lead to horizontal extension as well as vertical extension.
- D
Their presence may be picked
up first by the roof firefighter who notes the locations of exposed waste pipes
atop roofs which line up with the fire below. If the pipe is hot to the touch, a
top floor examination is required and notification made to officer and the IC.
note choice C doesn’t say above and below like th book does
These vertical voids, about one foot square, may be larger when the void is
built to include waste and water pipes. When the fire is knocked down and
opening up begins, areas where the lath has been burned must be examined
for the presence of these columns. If detected, locations above and below the
fire must be checked immediately. (Figures 8 and 9)
Answer Questions #25 - 26 based on the following:
E-100, E-200, E-300 and Aerial Ladder-400 and TL-500 arrive on scene at a fire on the top
floor of a 6 story “H” type NFP Multiple Dwelling. Heavy fire is showing out windows in
the throat, courtyard, and front windows on the 6th floor. Exposures 2 and 4 are attached 4
story NLTs. All stairways in the fire building are transverse stairs. Engine 900 and
Ladder 800 are assigned on the transmission of the 10-75 by the officer of E-100.
25. Which of the following actions taken by the engine companies on scene is incorrect?
(5.2.1)
(A) Engine 100 stretched an 1 ¾” hose line to the lobby and stood fast while waiting for Ladder
400 to determine the exact location of the fire. While the unit waited, the officer of Engine 100
checked the 2nd floor to determine if the wings are connected on the 2nd floor.
(B) Engine 100 and Engine 200 teamed up to stretch the 1st hose line to the top floor.
Simultaneously, Engine 300 stretched a 2nd hose line with the assistance of Engine 900 to back
up the 1st hose line due to the heavy fire condition on the top floor.
(C) The officer of Engine 100 determined that the stairs wrapped around the elevator shaft.
The officer of Engine 100 deployed a rope out the stairway window and ordered the members to
attach the rope to the hose line and pull the rope rather than stretch up the stairs.
(D) The 1st hoseline was pulled via the rope up to the 5th floor. Sufficient hose was pulled into
the 5th floor before the hose line was charged.
- B
5.3.2 Many times just stretching a line to a fire apartment will prove difficult. It may
require many lengths (five or more) just to reach the building entrance. There
may be large courtyards, often with obstacles such as trees, benches, fences,
shrubbery, etc. Every effort must be made to get the first line in operation before
additional lines are stretched. All available engine companies should be used to
stretch the first line.
