Week 7: Terms; Circulation and Tissue Perfusion Flashcards
Define Blood Pressure
the pressure of the blood on the walls of the arteries, dependent on the energy of the heart action, elasticity of the arterial walls, and volume and viscosity of the blood.
Define edema
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial (or intercellular) tissue leading to swelling of the subcutaneous tissues.
Define embolism
the sudden blocking of an artery by a clot or foreign material which has been brought to its site of lodgment by transport through the blood.
Define embolus
from the text = a detached intravascular solid, liquid, or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood from its point of origin to a distant site, where it often causes tissue dysfunction or infarction.
Define extracellular
fluid found outside of the cells; can be further divided into intravascular compartment (the plasma inside blood and lymph vessels) and interstitial compartment (in the matrix of tissues between vessels and cells); extracellular fluid (ECF).
Define hemorrhage
bleeding; the escape of blood from the vessels.
Define hydrostatic pressure
pressure exerted by fluids
Define infarction
the formation of an infarct; a localized area of ischemic necrosis produced by occlusion of the arterial supply or the venous drainage of the part.
Define intercellular/interstitial
fluid found between cells. (both extracellular).
Define intracellular
fluid found within cells; intracellular fluid (ICF).
Define ischemia
deficiency of blood in a part, usually due to functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel.
Define oncotic pressure
the osmotic pressure due to the presence of colloids in solution; oncotic and osmotic pressure often used interchangeably
Define osmotic pressure
the attraction of fluid back into capillaries by the presence of large molecules that cannot diffuse out.
Define shock
a profound hemodynamic disturbance characterized by failure of the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion of and blood supply to vital organs.
Define thrombosis
the formation or presence of a thrombus.
Define thrombus
an aggregation of blood factors, primarily platelets and fibrin with entrapment of cellular elements, frequently causing vascular obstruction at the point of its formation.
Define angina pectoris
refers to the chest pain felt when the myocardium (heart muscle) receives an inadequate blood supply.
Define aneurysm
an abnormal outpouching of an artery, a vein, or the heart formed because of a weakening of the vessel wall.
Define arrtythmia
abnormal heart rhythm
Define atheromatous plaque
the characteristic lesion of atherosclerosis which consists of a ‘fibrous cap’ of connective tissue, and a necrotic core (the ‘atheroma’); also known as a ‘fibrofatty plaque’ or just plain ‘plaque’.
Define atherosclerosis
a disease of large and medium-sized arteries. It is characterized by the formation of fibrofatty deposits in the intimal layer of arteries called ‘atherosclerotic plaques’.
Define chronic ischemic heart disease
refers to the condition in which patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis suffer the symptoms of ischemic heart disease repeatedly and chronically, often due to multiple severe narrowings in their coronary arteries.
