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Developmental Concepts > Week 8- Middle Age > Flashcards

Week 8- Middle Age Flashcards

1
Q

Age range for middle age

A

40-65 yrs

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2
Q

Age range for adulthood

A

22-40 yrs

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3
Q

Age range for middle age

A

40-65 yrs

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4
Q

Late adulthood age

A

65+

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5
Q

Advanced maternal age (AMA)

A

Pregnancy where the mother is older than 35

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6
Q

Erickson stage for midlife

A

Generativity vs stagnation

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7
Q

Involves reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide the next generation

A

Generativity

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8
Q

True or false: Parenting is the only means of realizing generativity

A

False

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9
Q

Adults can be generative through…

A

-Other family relationships
-Mentors in the workplace
-Volunteer endeavors
-Forms of productivity/creativity

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10
Q

Period of transition of life where someone struggles with their identity and self-confidence

A

Midlife crisis

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11
Q

Midlife crisis happens anywhere from _____ years old and affects…

A

40-60
Men and women

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12
Q

Physical changes in midlife

A

-Vision
-Hearing
-Skin
-Muscle
-Bone
-Balance
-Hormones

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13
Q

Vision is affected by…

A

Presbyopia (loss of accommodative ability of the lens)

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14
Q

Vision problems in midlife

A

-Reduced vision in dim light
-Increased sensitivity to glare
-Diminished color discrimination
-Risk of glaucoma increases
-Reading glasses may be needed

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15
Q

Age related hearing loss

A

Presbycusis

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16
Q

Presbycusis begins with a decline in…

A

Detection of high frequencies and then spread to other tones

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17
Q

True or false: The ability to distinguish sounds occurring in close succession increases and eventually human speech becomes easier to decipher

A

False

(decreases, harder)

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18
Q

Skin changes in midlife

A

-Wrinkles, loosens, dries
-Age spots develop
-Precancerous lesions or spots

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19
Q

Muscle strength declines at age ____

A

30

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20
Q

Each decade, ___% of muscle mass is lost

A

5

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21
Q

True or false: There is an increased occurrence of muscle strains in midlife

A

True

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22
Q

Muscle changes in midlife

A

-Muscle mass declines
-Decreased strength and endurance
-Fat deposits increase

(there’s more)

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23
Q

LE muscular strength is reduced by ____% bet. ages _____

A

40
30-80

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24
Q

True or false: A low-fat diet with regular exercise, including resistance training offset excess weight and muscle loss

A

True

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25
Q

Severe age related bone loss

A

Osteoporosis

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26
Q

____% of US adults age 50 and older have osteoporosis

A

10

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27
Q

From middle to late adulthood, osteoporosis increases _________ in women (from _____%), and ________ in men (from ______%)

A

Fivefold: 7-35
Triples: 3-11

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28
Q

True or false: Osteoporosis may not be evident until a fracture occurs

A

True

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29
Q

Fractures typically occur in the…

A

Spine, hips, and/or wrist

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30
Q

To treat osteoporosis, doctors recommend:

A

-A diet enriched with calcium and Vitamin D
-Weight bearing exercise
-Resistance training
-Bone strengthening medications

31
Q

Coordination declines in ____

A

30s

32
Q

Adults who are more _________ may not experience as significant of a decline

A

Physically active

33
Q

Age-related changes of the vestibular system begin at ____

A

40s

34
Q

True or false: The number of sensory cells and nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system decrease

A

True

35
Q

True or false: Neural changes never happen in the vestibular nerve

A

False

(changes are possible)

36
Q

True or false: The vestibular system shows a decline in function with aging

A

True

37
Q

Common issues in the vestibular system for those over 50

A

Dizziness and vertigo

38
Q

There is a ____% in hair cells and ____% reduction in peripheral nerve fibers in adults over 70

A

40
36

39
Q

Deterioration in central vestibular integrative functions lead to impaired _________

A

Balance

40
Q

Causes of impaired balance

A

-Increased thresholds of excitation of vestibular nuclei
-Vestibular system becomes unreliable when visual and proprioceptive input conflicts

41
Q

Three basic stages of menopause

A

Perimenopause
Menopause
Postmenopause

42
Q

Hormones that stimulate the menstrual cycle

A

Estrogen and progesterone

43
Q

During menopause, this occurs…

A

Ovaries begin to atrophy which causes a decline in the production of the hormones that stimulate the menstrual cycle

44
Q

The perimenopause or pre-menopause stage occurs ____ years before menopause

A

3-5

45
Q

True or false: The age at which females experience perimenopause is the same

A

False

(age can vary)

46
Q

Most females begin to experience symptoms of perimenopause in their mid to late ____

A

Forties

47
Q

True or false: During perimenopause, estrogen and progesterone levels begin to fluctuate. Individuals may begin to experience mood changes, irregular menstrual cycles and other menopausal symptoms.

A

True

48
Q

True or false: During perimenopause, it is impossible to get pregnant

A

False

(still possible)

49
Q

The absence of menses for 12 straight months without other causes, such as illness, medication or pregnancy.

A

Menopause

50
Q

True or false: Once the female reaches menopause, she can no longer achieve pregnancy

A

True

51
Q

The average age of menopause is _____, but the age can vary greatly

A

51

52
Q

Some enter menopause in their _________ and others not until __________

A

Mid-forties
Mid-fifties

53
Q

Signals the end of the female’s reproductive years. While the ovaries produce low levels of estrogen and progesterone, females will no longer ovulate or menstruate.

A

Post-menopause stage

54
Q

True or false: Once one enters the post menopause stage, individuals no longer have the same symptoms they experienced during the perimenopause and menopause stages for many years after the final menstrual cycle.

A

False

(may continue)

55
Q

True or false: Perimenopause/menopause symptoms experienced during post-menopause tend to dissipate over time

A

True

56
Q

Females in the post-menopause stage are at increased risk of…due to decrease in…

A

Heart disease and osteoporosis
Estrogen

57
Q

Menopause symptoms often can be managed by…

A

Healthy diet
Regular exercise
Lifestyle modifications

58
Q

These may help control intense symptoms that disrupt quality of life during post-menopause

A

Hormone replacement therapy and other medications

59
Q

Refers to the symptoms men experience as their testosterone production levels decrease with age

A

Andropause

60
Q

After the age of ____, ____________ levels start to decline and the symptoms associated with andropause begin to manifest

A

40
Testosterone

61
Q

Second most common cause of death in people bet. 45-64 yrs

A

Heart disease

62
Q

About 25% of middle age Americans who die, die from _____________

A

Cardiovascular disease

63
Q

Build of plaque in the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

64
Q

“Silent killers” of cardiovascular disease b/c they often have no symptoms

A

High BP
High cholesterol
Atherosclerosis

65
Q

Leading cause of death among people ages 45-64

A

Cancer

66
Q

From early to middle adulthood, the death rate due to cancer multiple tenfold, accounting for about ___% of all midlife deaths in the US

A

30

67
Q

Most common cancer in females

A

Breast cancer

68
Q

Most common type of cancer in males

A

Prostate cancer

69
Q

Second most common cancer in both genders

A

Lung cancer

70
Q

Third most common cancer in both genders

A

Colon cancer

71
Q

A complex interaction of… contributes to cancer

A

Hereditary
Biological aging
Environment

72
Q

First and second leading causes of death

A

1 Cancer

#2 Heart disease

(men higher than women)

73
Q

Wellness and prevention in middle age

A

Mammogram
Coloscopy
Regular skin checks
Diet
Exercise

Developmental Concepts (12 decks)

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