Week 9 - Helping Others Flashcards
Prosocial behaviours
Actions intended to benefit others.
Kin selection
Preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive.
Reciprocal altruism
Altruism that involves an individual helping another (despite some immediate risk or cost) and becoming more likely to receive help from the other in return.
Indirect reciprocity
A kind of reciprocal altruism in which an individual who helps someone becomes more likely to receive help from someone else.
Empathy
Understanding or vicariously experiencing another individual’s perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual.
Arousal: cost–reward model
The proposition that people react to emergency situations by acting in the most cost-effective way to reduce the arousal of shock and alarm.
Egoistic
Motivated by the desire to increase one’s own welfare.
Altruistic
Motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare.
Bystander effect
the presence of others inhibits helping
Pluralistic ignorance
State in which people in a group mistakenly think that their own thoughts/feelings/behaviours are different from others in the group
Diffusion of responsibility
The belief that others will or should take responsiblity for providing assistance to someone in need (therefore not yourself)
Audience inhibition
Reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers
Social Norm
A general rule of conduct reflecting standards of social approval and disapproval
Reluctant Altruism
Altrustic kinds of behaviour that result from peer pressure or other sources of direct social influence
