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Flashcards in Whopper 3 Deck (30)
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1
Q

What is the Inner Core?

A

Dense ball of solid metal

2
Q

What is the Outer Core?

A

Layer of molten metal that surrounds the inner core

3
Q

What is the lower mantle?

A

Solid material extending all the way to the earth’s core

4
Q

What is the upper mantle?

A

Outermost layer of the two mantles. Includes the asthenosphere and lower lithosphere. Composed of solid rock, most of which flows due to convection currents within the mantel

5
Q

What is the crust?

A

Layer of solid rock that forms earth’s outer skin. Includes both dry land and ocean floor. Oceanic crust (basalt) and continental crust (crust that forms continents)

6
Q

What are plates?

A

Broken pieces of the lithosphere

7
Q

What is plate tectonics?

A

Explains the formation, movement and subduction of the earth’s plates

8
Q

What is radiation?

A

Transfer of energy through empty space, no direct contact between heat source and an object

9
Q

What is conduction?

A

Heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter

10
Q

What is convection?

A

Transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluid (includes liquid and gas)

11
Q

What are convection currents?

A

Flow in the mantle. Heat source is the earth’s core and mantle. Acts like a conveyor belt moving the lithosphere above.

12
Q

What is continental drift?

A

Slow movement of earth’s contents moving away from each other

13
Q

What is seafloor spreading?

A

New ocean floor is created as molten material from the mantle rises between plates or ridges and spreads out.

14
Q

What are plate boundaries?

A

Where edges of plates meet at lines. When plates slip past each other along these boundaries, faults of breaks in crust occur.

15
Q

What are transform boundaries?

A

Boundary where to plates slide past each other. Neither one is added to or destroyed but the sliding past each other creates a large amount of energy that is sometimes released as an earth quake.

16
Q

What are divergent boundaries?

A

Two plates move apart. Occurs at mid-ocean ridges.

17
Q

What are convergent boundaries?

A

Where two plates come together causing a collision.

18
Q

What is stress?

A

Force that acts on rock to changes its shape or volume. Adds potential of stored energy to rock until it changes shape or breaks.

Three kinds: tension, compression and shearing

19
Q

What is tension?

A

Pulls on the crust, stretching rock so it becomes thinner in the middle.

20
Q

What is compression?

A

Squeezes rock until it folds or breaks

21
Q

What is shearing?

A

Pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions.

22
Q

What is strain?

A

Changes in the shape of rock caused by stress. There are two kinds: elastic and plastic

23
Q

What is elastic strain?

A

Change in rock that is not permanent. When stress is removed, the rock goes back to its original strain

24
Q

What is plastic strain?

A

Permanent change in the shape of a rock. Usually occurs when rocks are weak or hot.

25
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

Vibrations in the ground that result from movement along faults, or breaks in the earth’s lithosphere

26
Q

What is a normal fault?

A

Form when forces pull rocks apart along divergent plate boundary; block of rock above fault moves down

27
Q

What is a strike-slip fault?

A

Two blocks of rock slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

28
Q

What is a reverse fault?

A

Force pushes two blocks of rock together with the rock above the fault moving

29
Q

What is focus?

A

Point beneath Earth’s surface where rock under stress breaks to cause an earthquake

30
Q

What is epicenter?

A

Point on the surface directly above the focus