Winds

Question 1

What are winds caused by

Answer 1

PRESSURE GRADIENTS

Question 2

In the NH

Coriolis force turns the wind ____

Answer 2

RIGHT

Question 3

In the NH

Winds circulate ____ around high pressure system, also known as what type of cyclone

Answer 3

1. CLOCKWISE
2. ANTI CYCLONE

Question 4

In the NH

Winds circulate ____ around low pressure system, also known as what type of cyclone

Answer 4

1. ANTI CLOCKWISE
2. CYCLONE

Question 5

Wind direction on forecasts is given in TRUE or MAGNETIC north

Answer 5

TRUE NORTH

Question 6

Unit of measurement for wind

Answer 6

KNOTS (kt)

Question 7

Wind reports give teh bearing in the direction the wind is blow TO or FROM

Answer 7

FROM

NOT the direction wind is travelling

Question 8

Runway headings are given in TRUE or MAGENTIC north

Answer 8

MAGNETIC

Question 9

When ATC provide a surface wind, this is given in TRUE or MAGNETIC north

Answer 9

MAGNETIC

Question 10

A sudden, short lived increase in wind speed is known as what

Answer 10

GUST

Question 11

Gusts can be particularly dangerous and affect aircraft in what stage of flight

Answer 11

Final stage of approach

Question 12

What are the wind sock strengths

Answer 12

20 kt
25 kt
30 kt
35 kt
40 kt

Question 13

When will a windsock will be completely horizontal

Answer 13

Windspeed reaches the “size” of the windsock

Windsock is 30 kts and wind speed is 30 kts, windsock will be horizontal

Question 14

What happens to wind speed as altitude increases

Answer 14

SPEED INCREASES

Question 15

At what height is wind considered to be free of surfce influences

Answer 15

2000 ft

Question 16

What causes wind to slow down closer to the surface layer

Answer 16

FRICTION

Question 17

Over land, wind speed at the surface is ____% of wind speed at ____ ft

Answer 17

1. 50%
2. 2000 ft

Question 18

Over sea, wind speed at the surface is ____ % of wind speed at ____ ft

Answer 18

1. 80%
2. 2000 ft

Question 19

In the NH

The wind BACKS or VEERS towards the surface

Answer 19

BACKS DOWN

Wind bearing at 2000 ft = 270॰/20kt
Wind bearing at surface = 240॰/10kt
Wind BACKED DOWN i.e. from 270 to 240
Air speed over land decreased closer to the surface by 50%

Question 20

In the NH

Over land, wind will BACK or VEER by ____ % at the surface

Answer 20

1. BACK
2. 30-40%

REVIEW HERE
Side of Right hand DOWN on table, bent BACK at wrist
Side of Left hand placed ON TOP of right hand bent forward (appears like a cross)
Finger tips or wrists represent where air flow is coming FROM
From upper hand to lower hand, it is now seen that the wind is backing down

Question 21

In the NH

Over sea, wind will BACK or VEER by ____ % at the surface

Answer 21

1. BACK
2. 10%

REVIEW HERE
Side of Right hand DOWN on table, bent BACK at wrist
Side of Left hand placed ON TOP of right hand bent forward (appears like a cross)
Finger tips or wrists represent where air flow is coming FROM
From upper hand to lower hand, it is now seen that the wind is backing down

Question 22

Sea/Land breeze

During the day, wind will flow in which direction

Answer 22

SEA to LAND

Question 23

Sea/Land breeze

During the night, wind will flow in which direction

Answer 23

LAND to SEA

Question 24

What is the Diurnal Effect

Answer 24

Difference between night and day
Wind variations resulting from suns heating effect on earth during the day

Question 25

# Diurnal effect During the day, winds at surface level are WEAKER or STRONGER Why

Answer 25

1. STRONGER 2. More mixing of air at surface with upper winds ## Footnote Sun heats the land causing convention currents (rising air)

Question 26

Winds at surface level are stronger at DAY or NIGHT

Answer 26

STRONGER in DAY ## Footnote Sun heats the land causing convention currents (rising air) Bigger difference between high and low pressures, air moves from high to low hence stronger winds

Question 27

1. An INCREASE in wind bearing is known as ____ 2. A DECREASE in wind bearing is known as ____

Answer 27

1. VEERING 2. BACKING

Question 28

Stronger winds at the surface during the day VEER or BACK compared to the winds aloft

Answer 28

VEER ## Footnote Stronger winds overcome friction with the surface, so align more with winds aloft Coriolis force more dominant

Question 29

Coriolis force is more dominant with winds at the surface under what conditions and why

Answer 29

1. During the day 2. When there are strong winds 3. Overcome surface friction

Question 30

What happens to air in contact with the ground at night

Answer 30

COOLS ## Footnote Convection does not take place

Question 31

Why is there less strong surface wind at night than during the day

Answer 31

Air is cooled so less (or no) convection Less mixing with air aloft

Question 32

At night, Corilois force is STRONGER or WEAKER than during the day

Answer 32

WEAKER ## Footnote Less mixing with stronger wind Earth friction is stronger so more dominant than Coriolis

Question 33

Cool dense air descending down the hill surface is known as what

Answer 33

KATABATIC WIND

Question 34

Why does cool air descend down the hill face

Answer 34

1. Cooled 2. More Dense, making it heavier 3. Gravity

Question 35

What causes Anabatic wind

Answer 35

SURFACE HEATING DURING THE DAY ## Footnote Hill surface heats up during the day Layer of air above surface is heated - Hot air rises

Question 36

Why are anabatic winds typically weaker than katabatic winds

Answer 36

**Katabatic** Dense heavy air. Working with gravity sliding down hill **Anabatic** Less dense, hot rising air. Working against gravity

Question 37

What does a greater pressure differential between high and low systems cause

Answer 37

STRONGER WINDS

Question 38

Tightly packed isobars causes what?

Answer 38

STRONG WINDS

Question 39

Light packed isobars causes what?

Answer 39

LIGHT WINDS

Question 40

Do not taxi or take off if wind speed is ____ % of ____

Answer 40

50% STALL SPEED

Question 41

Stronger wind means ____ turblance at ____ level

Answer 41

GREATER LOW

Question 42

Where can a pilot find the "rough air" speeds

Answer 42

PILOTS OPERATING HANDBOOK (POH)

Question 43

How is maxmimum speed in rough (turblent) air indicated on the ASI

Answer 43

Vno ## Footnote Velocity - Normal operating range

Question 44

When does turbulence typically reduced Why

Answer 44

AT NIGHT LESS MIXING OF AIR BY NIGHT

Question 45

Turbulence caused by landmarks such as buildings or trees is known as what

Answer 45

OBSTRUCTIONAL TURBULENCE

Question 46

What are the 4 categories of turbulence

Answer 46

1. LIGHT 2. MODERATE 3. SEVERE 4. EXTREME

Question 47

What is the defintion of wind shear

Answer 47

Change in strength or direction of wind

Question 48

Wind shear is most dangerous when?

Answer 48

FINAL STAGES OF APPROACH

Question 49

What is a microburst Where are they found

Answer 49

Highly dangerous downdraft Localised geographically within 4km

Question 50

Flying towards a microbust outflow causes an INCREASE or DECREASE in rate of descent

Answer 50

DECREASE ## Footnote Head wind dominant, lift increased [LINK HERE](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gwlhKSWXy3Yj5hN74ZyoT0jBjHvn2LEzJSXeqfs4u4Q/edit#bookmark=id.q2m2ybnfih0k)

Question 51

Flying away from a microburst outflow cuases an INCREASE or DECREASE in rate of descent

Answer 51

INCREASE ## Footnote Tail wind dominant, less air flow over wings, lift reduced [LINK HERE](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gwlhKSWXy3Yj5hN74ZyoT0jBjHvn2LEzJSXeqfs4u4Q/edit#bookmark=id.q2m2ybnfih0k)

Question 52

What are 2 possible benefits from a change in altitude to take advantage of a change in wind direction

Answer 52

1. Fuel conservation 2. Reduced route time

Question 53

In turbulence, what are 2 things a pilot should never do

Answer 53

1. Use abrupt full control deflection 2. Exceed Vno