Word Associations Flashcards
(120 cards)
2
Q
concentric hypertrophy
A
HFpEF
3
Q
diastolic HF
A
HFpEF
4
Q
systolic HF
A
HFrEF
5
Q
eccentric hypertrophy
A
HFrEF
6
Q
pressure overload
A
concentric hypertrophy
7
Q
volume overload
A
eccentric hypertrophy
8
Q
CRHD
A
mitral stenosis
9
Q
dystrophic calcification
A
aortic stenosis
10
Q
fused commissures
A
CRHD
11
Q
leaflet neovascularization
A
CRHD
12
Q
Marfans
A
aortic regurg
13
Q
retraction of valve leaflets
A
CRHD, aortic regurg
14
Q
myxomatous degeneration
A
mitral regurg
15
Q
torn chordae
A
mitral regurg
16
Q
bacterial endocarditis
A
regurgitation, emboli, glomerulonephritis
17
Q
NBTE
A
emboli from valves
18
Q
tx goal in uncomplicated htn
A
140/90
19
Q
tx goal in complicated htn
A
130/80
20
Q
activating RAAS
A
hypo: volemia, natremia, tension, adrenegic activation
21
Q
deactivating RAAS
A
angiotensin receptor binding, feedback inhibition
22
Q
RAAS rate limiting step
A
renin
23
Q
AT1
A
vasoconstriction
24
Q
AT2
A
vasodilation
25
Q
LOX1
A
angiotensin II –> LDL –> atherosclerosis
26
NFKB
angiotensin II --\> VCAM, MCP1
27
persistent cough
ACEI effect, bradykinin
28
apoB
chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, atherogenic
29
apoA
HDL
30
apoE
HDL, VLDL, IDL, not LDL
31
apoCII
lipoprotein lipase, cofactor, chylomicrons, VLDL
32
loss of apoE
circulating LDL in endogenous pathway
33
eruptive xanthomas
hyperchylomicronemia (FCS)
34
LPL, apoCII mutation
familial chylomicronemia syndrome
35
tendon xanthoma
familial hypercholesterolemia
36
pancreatitis
familial chylomicronemia syndrome, severe familial hypertriglyceridemia
37
cutaneous xanthoma
familial hypercholesterolemia (also FDB, ADH3)
38
corneal arcus
familial hypercholesterolemia (also FDB, ADH3)
39
LDL receptor mutation
familial hypercholesterolemia
40
apoB100 mutation
familial defective apoB (FDB)
41
PCSK9 GOF
autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia 3 (ADH3)
42
VLDL overproduction
familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL)
43
ApoEII mutation
familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD)
44
palmar xanthoma, tuberose xanthoma
familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (FD)
45
high VLDL, no mutation
familial hypertriglyceridemia (and severe version)
46
ABCA1 mutation
tangier disease, cholesterol macrophages, low HDL
47
free cholesterol buildup
LCAT deficiency
48
corneal cholesterol
LCAT deficiency
49
ratelimiting in cholesterol
HMG CoA Reductase, statins
50
6%
double dose statin = 6% risk reduction
51
flushing
niacin
52
ADAMTS7
coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis
53
selectins
leukocyte rolling
54
MPO
LDL oxidation, atherosclerosis
55
scavenger receptors
foam cells, atherosclerosis
56
TGFbeta
stable atherosclerotic lesion, SMC ECM
57
Pulsus Paradoxus
tamponade
58
oriface area
stenosis
59
regurgitant fraction
regurgitation
60
prolapse, flail MV
myxomatous degeneration
61
acute MR
high TSV, RF, reduced CO/FSV, increased LVEF, increased LVEDP increased preload, decreased afterload, hypercontractile
62
chronic MR
high TSV (\>AMR), normalized CO/FSV, normalized LVEDP, increased LVEF (\
63
decompensated CMR
hypocontractile, reduced TSV, reduced FSV/CO, increased RF, hyponormal LVEF
64
diastolic regurgitation
aortic
65
systolic regurgitation
mitral
66
FSV = TSV
aortic regurgitation
67
systolic hypertension with diastolic hypotension and high LVEDP
several aortic regurg
68
acute AR
decreased effective CO, increased LVEDP, hypercontractile, increased LVEF
69
chronic AR
normalized effective CO, reduced perfusion, increased LVEDP (\
70
restenosis
PCI
71
drug eluting stent risk
thrombosis
72
killer of young people
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
73
fibrillin 1
marfan
74
elevated cardiac enzymes
infarct
75
thick fibrous cap
stable angina
76
plaque rupture
ACS
77
complete obstruction
transmural MI
78
thin wavy myocytes
minutes after MI
79
LDH stain
infarcted cells are white \<12 hours
80
dark mottling
MI 12-24 hours
81
hyperemic border
MI 3-10 days
82
granulation tissue
MI 2-4 weeks, grey/red
83
scar
MI 8-10 weeks
84
contraction band necrosis
MI reperfusion
85
hemorrhagic infarct
MI reperfusion, free radicals
86
ventricular rupture
transmural MI 3-7 days
87
ventricular aneurysm
transmural MI weeks/months
88
nkx2.5
cardiac homeobox
89
Islet1
secondary heart field defects
90
semaphorins
vasculogenesis
91
interstitial edema
CHD
92
polycythemia
cyanosis
93
cyanosis
tetralogy, TGA
94
PBF dependent
tetralogy
95
PBF independent
TGA
96
continuous murmur
PDA
97
holosystolic murmur
MR
98
no flow in legs
tubular hypoplasia/dominant PDA, no aortal flow
99
intercostal collaterals
discrete coarctation
100
tetralogy
vsd, POTO, RVH, aortic alignment
101
4 chamber dilation
DCM
102
DCM
systolic pump failure
103
interstitial fibrosis and mixed hypertrophy/atresia
DCM
104
banana ventricle
ASH - HCM
105
HCM
diastolic dysfunction
106
myocyte disarray and branching
HCM
107
LVOT
HOCM, SAM
108
Ice cream cone/LA hypertrophy
RCM
109
amyloid
RCM
110
RCM
diastolic dysfunction
111
flabby heart
DCM, myocarditis
112
hypersensitivity
eosinophilic myocarditis
113
lymphocytes
lymphocytic myocarditis
114
granulomas
giant cell myocarditis
115
low RA/RV, low PAWP
hypovolemic shock
116
decreased SVR, increased CO, sick
septic shock/distributive
117
low CO, high pressures
cardiogenic shock
118
high RA/RV pressures, low CO
obstructive shock
119
equal diastolic pressures in heart
tamponade
120
slow response
SA, AV
121
fast response
his, ventricles, atria
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