Word List 05 Flashcards

Question

austere - an austere childhood during the war - The courtroom was a large, dark chamber, an austere place. - He was a tall, austere, forbidding figure. - Despite their wealth, they lead an austere life. - She depicts the austere beauty of the desert.

Answer 1

austere adj. very simple, with only the things that are absolutely necessary, especially because of severe limits on money or goods adj. plain and without decoration or unnecessary details adj. very severe and unfriendly in manner سخت، تند و تلخ، ریاضت کش، تیره رنگ

Answer 2

impede v. to make it difficult for someone or something to move forward or make progress - Storms at sea impeded our progress. - Although he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way. بازداشتن، مانع شدن، ممانعت کردن

Answer 3

frank adj. honest and truthful be frank with somebody - He was completely frank with her about what happened. be frank about something - She was quite frank about the whole thing. frank discussion/interview/exchange of views etc v. to print a sign on an envelope showing that the cost of sending it has been paid رک گو، بی پرده حرف زن، رک، بی پرده، صریح، نیرومند، مجانی، چپانیدن، پر کردن، اجازه عبور دادن، مجانا فرستادن، معاف کردن، مهر زدن، باطل کردن، مصون ساختن

Answer 4

disjunction n. a difference between two things that you would expect to be in agreement - a disjunction between the skills taught in schools and the skills demanded by employers n. a difference or lack of connection between two things: - the disjunctions between movies and the theatre جدایی، تفکیک، انفصال، فصل

Answer 5

finicky adj. difficult to please: - a finicky eater - He's terribly finicky about his food. adj. needing a lot of attention to detail - Repairing watches must be a very finicky job. ایرادی، دیر پسند، فیومه گیر، سخت راضی، بد قلق، بهانه گیر

Answer 6

hazardous adj. dangerous, especially to people’s health or safety hazardous to - The chemicals in paint can be hazardous to health. - the disposal of hazardous waste پرخطر

Answer 7

chicanery n. clever, dishonest talk or behaviour that is used to deceive people: - The investigation revealed political chicanery and corruption at the highest levels. حیله بازی، ضد ونقیض گویی مغالطه

Answer 8

verifiable adj. able to be proved - Throughout the trial, he didn't produce a single verifiable fact.

Answer 9

demonstrable adj. able to be shown or proved - We must provide demonstrable improvements in health services. - Mr. Ambrose, to be credible, needed some demonstrable facts. - Governments must make demonstrable progress toward this goal by next year. قابل شرح یا اثبات

Answer 10

pertinacious adj. very determined and refusing to be defeated by problems SYN tenacious - Like most successful politicians, she is pertinacious and single-minded in the pursuit of her goals. سرسخت، محکم، چسبنده سفت، مستحکم، استوار

Answer 11

scarce adj. if something is scarce, there is not very much of it available - Food was often scarce in the winter. - There was fierce competition for the scarce resources.

Answer 12

lavish adj. large, impressive, or expensive - a royal palace on a lavish scale - a lavish lifestyle - The food was lavish. adj. very generous lavish with/in - We were always lavish with financial aid in times of crisis. - He was always lavish in his praise of my efforts. v. to give someone or something a lot of love, praise, money etc lavish something on/upon somebody - He lavished attention on her. lavish somebody with something - Hug your children and lavish them with love. فراوانی، وفور، ولخرجی اسراف کردن، ولخرجی کردن افراط کردن

Answer 13

sanguine adj. happy and hopeful about the future SYN optimistic sanguine about - Other economists are more sanguine about the possibility of inflation. - a sanguine view - They are less sanguine about the prospects for peace.

Answer 14

waver v. to become weaker or less certain - Her voice wavered uncertainly. - The students’ attention did not waver. waver in - Harris never wavered in his loyalty. waver from - We were determined not to waver from our goals. v. to not make a decision because you have doubts - Shareholders who were wavering met the directors. waver between something and something - The party wavered between free trade and protectionism. v. to move gently in several different directions - The candle flame wavered, throwing shadows on the wall. SYN oscillate متزلزل شدن، فتور پیدا کردن دو دل بودن، تردید پیدا کردن تبصره قانون، نوسان کردن

Answer 15

engender v. to be the cause of a situation or feeling - the changes in society engendered by the war engender something in somebody - relationships that engender trust in children SYN yield, inaugurate OPP eradicate ایجاد کردن، بوجودامدن

Answer 16

elusive adj. difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember: - The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever. - Success, however, remained elusive for her. - elusive memories گریزان، فراری، کسی که ازدیگران دوری می کند، طفره زن

Answer 17

ponder v. to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about a problem, a difficult question, or something that has happened SYN consider - He continued to ponder the problem as he walked home. ponder on/over/about - The university board is still pondering over the matter. - ponder how/what/whether - Jay stood still for a moment, pondering whether to go or not. SYN contemplate سنجیدن، اندیشه کردن، تعمق کردن، تفکر کردن، سنجش

Answer 18

proliferate v. if something proliferates, it increases quickly and spreads to many different places - Computer courses continue to proliferate. پر بار شدن، زیاد شدن، کثیر شدن، بسط و توسعه یافتن proliferation (n) - The proliferation of cell phones has changed how we communicate.

Answer 19

paucity n. less than is needed of something SYN lack paucity of - a paucity of information - There is a paucity of information on the ingredients of many cosmetics. - The authorities had to cope with the paucity of information about the effects of the storm. عدد کم، معدود، اندک، قلت کمی، کمیابی، ندرت

Answer 20

univocal adj. having one meaning only adj. unambiguous متحدالکلمه، یک صدا، یکنوا، هم ذوق، همخو

Answer 21

dejected adj. unhappy, disappointed, or without hope: - She looked a bit dejected when they told her she didn't get the job. پژمان، نژند، افسرده، محزون و مغموم dejection (n)

Answer 22

surplus n. an amount of something that is more than what is needed or used SYN excess - Any surplus can be trimmed away. surplus of - a surplus of crude oil n. the amount of money that a country or company has left after it has paid for all the things it needs - a huge budget surplus of over £16 billion زیادتی، مازاد، زائد، باقی مانده، اضافه، زیادی

Answer 23

impertinent adj. rude and not showing respect, especially towards someone older or in a higher position than you - I hope he didn't think I was being impertinent when I asked him about his private life. - an impertinent remark/question گستاخ، بی ربط

Answer 24

one-of-a-kind n. the only one of a particular type of thing - Each plate is handpainted and one of a kind.

Answer 25

apropos of something used to introduce a new subject that is related to something just mentioned - He had nothing to say apropos of the latest developments. apropos of nothing (=not relating to anything previously mentioned) - Apropos of nothing, he suddenly asked me if I liked cats!

Answer 26

ingratiate yourself (with somebody) to try very hard to get someone’s approval – used to show disapproval → flatter - His policy is to ingratiate himself with anyone who might be useful to him. to make someone like you by praising or trying to please them: - He's always trying to ingratiate himself with his boss. خود شیرینی کردن، مورد لطف و عنایت قرار دادن، طرف توجه قرار دادن، ارضاء کردن، داخل کردن

Answer 27

concoct v. to invent a clever story, excuse, or plan, especially in order to deceive someone - John concocted an elaborate excuse for being late. v. to make something, especially food or drink, by mixing different things, especially things that are not usually combined - Jean concocted a great meal from the leftovers. درست کردن، جعل کردن اختراع کردن، ترکیب کردن پختن، گواریدن

Answer 28

disgorge v. if a vehicle or building disgorges people, they come out of it in a large group - Cars drew up to disgorge a wedding party. v. if something disgorges what was inside it, it lets it pour out - Chimneys were disgorging smoke into the air. v. if a river disgorges, it flows into the sea - The Mississippi disgorges its waters into the Gulf of Mexico. v. to give back something that you have taken illegally v. to bring food back up from your stomach through your mouth استفراغ کردن، خالی کردن، ریختن

Answer 29

baseless adj. not based on facts or good reasons – used to show disapproval SYN unfounded baseless rumours/charges/accusations بی اساس، بی ماخذ - baseless accusations/ allegations/ rumours - She assured me that my fears were baseless.

Answer 30

momentary adj. lasting for a very short time a momentary hesitation آنی، زود گذر SYN evanescent, fleeting, brief

Answer 31

debilitate v. to make someone ill and weak - He was debilitated by his illness. v. to make an organization or system less effective or powerful - The state is debilitated by inefficiency and corruption. ناتوان کردن، ضعیف کردن

Answer 32

acute adj. If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage: - She felt acute embarrassment/anxiety/concern at his behaviour. - The problem of poverty is particularly acute in rural areas. adj. An acute pain or illness is one that quickly becomes very severe: - acute abdominal pains - an acute attack of appendicitis adj. used to describe intelligence, senses, etc. that are very good, accurate, and able to notice very small differences acute eyesight/hearing an acute sense of smell a woman of acute intelligence/judgment حاد، بحرانی، نوک تیز، تیز

Answer 33

resent v. to feel angry or upset about a situation or about something that someone has done, especially because you think that it is not fair resent (somebody) doing something I resented having to work such long hours. bitterly/deeply/strongly resent - She bitterly resented his mother’s influence over him. - Paul resented the fact that Carol didn’t trust him. منزجر شدن از، رنجیدن از خشمگین شدن از، اظهار تنفرکردن از، اظهار رنجش کردن resentful (adj)

Answer 34

delightful adj. very pleasant - a delightful little girl - The whole house is delightful. دل فروز، لذت بخش، خوشی آور، دلپسند، دلپذیر

Answer 35

decisive adj. an action, event etc that is decisive has a big effect on the way that something develops decisive factor/effect/influence etc - Women can play a decisive role in the debate over cloning. decisive action/steps - We will take decisive steps towards political union with Europe. adj. someone who is decisive is good at making decisions quickly and with confidence OPP indecisive - a decisive leader - a talent for quick decisive action adj. definite and clear in a way that leaves no doubt OPP indecisive decisive victory/result/defeat etc - The answer was a decisive no. قطعی، قاطع، تعیین کننده

Answer 36

testimony n. a formal statement saying that something is true, especially one a witness makes in a court of law - Barker’s testimony is crucial to the prosecution’s case. - In his testimony, he denied that the company had ignored safety procedures. n. a fact or situation that shows or proves very clearly that something exists or is true be a testimony to/of something - These results are a testimony to the coach’s skill and hard work. گواهی، شهادت، تصدیق مدرک، دلیل، اظهار

Answer 37

nominal adj. officially described as being something, when this is not really true - the nominal head of the rebellion - Their conversion to Christianity was only nominal. adj. relating to nouns or used as a noun the nominal use of the present participle nominal sum/charge/fee etc: a very small sum of money, especially when compared with what something would usually cost or what it is worth - A nominal charge is made for use of the tennis courts. nominal value/rate/income etc: technical a nominal value etc does not show what something is really worth or really costs, because it does not take into account changes in the price of other goods and services OPP real - If prices rise and the nominal wage remains constant, the real wage falls. اسمی، صوری، جزئی، کم قیمت

Answer 38

simultaneous adj. things that are simultaneous happen at exactly the same time - They grabbed each other’s hands in simultaneous panic. - Up to twenty users can have simultaneous access to the system. simultaneous with - The withdrawal of British troops should be simultaneous with that of US forces. همبود، با هم واقع شونده، هم زمان

Answer 39

monotonous adj. boring because of always being the same - a monotonous diet - a little boy who wet his bed with monotonous regularity یکنواخت، خسته کننده

Answer 40

divination n. the ability to say what will happen in the future, or the act of doing this غیب گویی، پیش گویی فال گیری، تفال، حدس درست - Consequently, this was a divination of deep significance.

Answer 41

virtuosity n. the quality of being extremely skilled at something - The technical virtuosity of the paintings is such that you can almost smell the flowers. - Audiences were stunned by the dazzling virtuosity of his dancers. n. a very high degree of skill in performing ذوق هنرپیشگی، استعدادهنرهای زیبا یا فنون

Answer 42

manifest v. to show a feeling, attitude etc - The shareholders have manifested their intention to sell the shares. manifest something in/as/through something - A dog’s protective instincts are manifested in increased alertness. adj. plain and easy to see SYN obvious, patent a manifest error of judgment be made/become manifest (=be clearly shown) - Their devotion to God is made manifest in ritual prayer. n. a list of passengers or goods carried on a ship, plane, or train - the ship’s cargo manifest manifest itself: to appear or to become easy to see - His illness began to manifest itself at around this time. بازنمود کردن، بارز، آشکار، آشکار ساختن، معلوم کردن، فاش کردن، اشاره، خبر، اعلامیه، بیانیه، نامه

Answer 43

purview within/outside the purview of somebody/something: within or outside the limits of someone’s job, activity, or knowledge - This matter comes within the purview of the Department of Health. n. the limit of someone's responsibility, interest, or activity: This case falls outside the purview of this particular court. مواد اساسی، وسعت، حدود میدان، رسایی، قلمرو اجراء چشم رس، میدان دید موضوع مورد بحث، حدودصلاحیت

Answer 44

annex v. to take possession of an area of land or a country, usually by force or without permission: - The UK annexed this small island west of Scotland in 1955. n. an addition to a building, or another building, used with an existing building: - The old warehouse became an annex of the main store. n. an addition to a document or report: - The List of Export Subsidies is provided in Annex I to the Agreement. پیوستن، ضمیمه کردن ضمیمه، پیوست، پیوستن ضمیمه سازی

Answer 45

shriek v. to make a very high loud sound, especially because you are afraid, angry, excited, or in pain SYN scream - They were dragged from their homes, shrieking and weeping. v. to say something in a high loud voice because you are excited, afraid, or angry SYN scream - ‘I’m pregnant!’ she shrieked. n. a loud high sound made because you are frightened, excited, angry etc SYN scream جیغ زدن (مثل بعضی از پرندگان)، فریاد دلخراش زدن، جیغ، فریاد

Answer 46

ephemeral adj. existing or popular for only a short time SYN transitory - Fashion is by nature ephemeral. - Fame in the world of rock and pop is largely ephemeral. (=ephemerous) یک روزه، بی دوام، یومیه، زود گذر

Answer 47

erudite adj. showing a lot of knowledge based on careful study SYN learned adj. having or containing a lot of knowledge that is known by very few people: - He's the author of an erudite book on Scottish history. فرجاد، اموزنده، عالم دانشمند، متبحر، دانشمندانه

Answer 48

plague v. to cause worry, pain, or difficulty to someone or something over a period of time: - Financial problems have been plaguing their new business partners. - My shoulder's been plaguing me all week. n. bubonic plague , or any serious disease that kills many people: Millions died of (the) plague. افت، بلا، سرایت مرض طاعون، به ستوه آوردن، ازاررساندن، دچار طاعون کردن

Answer 49

counter-intuitive adj. Something that is counter-intuitive does not happen in the way you would expect it to: Steering a sailboat is counter-intuitive - you push the tiller the opposite way to the way you want to go.

Answer 50

intriguing adj. something that is intriguing is very interesting because it is strange, mysterious, or unexpected SYN fascinating - The magazine carries an intriguing mixture of high fashion, gossip and racing. جذاب

Answer 51

magnanimous adj. kind and generous, especially to someone that you have defeated - a magnanimous gesture بزرگوار، نظر بلند

Answer 52

untether v. to release a person, animal, or thing so that he, she, or it can move or act freely: - He untethered the pony and threw a blanket on him. - When success came, he untethered himself from his longtime literary agent. باز کردن

Answer 53

formulaic adj. containing or consisting of fixed and repeated groups of words or ideas: - The text was dull and formulaic. - Children love jokes and riddles that are heavily formulaic. مثل یا وابسته به فرمول، فرمولی

Answer 54

gambit n. something that you do or say which is intended to give you an advantage in an argument - a clever debating gambit - These questions are often an opening gambit (=the thing you say first) for a negotiation. n. a planned series of moves at the beginning of a game of chess

Answer 55

vivacious adj. someone, especially a woman, who is vivacious has a lot of energy and a happy attractive manner – used to show approval SYN lively - a vivacious personality با نشاط، سرزنده، مسرور، دارای سرور و نشاط

Answer 56

stratify v. to arrange the different parts of something in separate layers or groups: - The sample of people questioned was drawn from the university's student register and stratified by age and gender. - a stratified society چینه چینه کردن، طبقه طبقه کردن

Answer 57

exceptional adj. unusually good SYN outstanding - an exceptional student - exceptional bravery adj. unusual and likely not to happen often - This is an exceptional case; I’ve never seen anything like it before. - Promotion in the first year is only given in exceptional circumstances. SYN preternatural استثنایی

Answer 58

slump v. to fall or lean against something because you are not strong enough to stand slump against/over/back etc - She slumped against the wall. - Carol slumped back in her chair, defeated. - Ben staggered and slumped onto the floor. v. to suddenly go down in price, value, or number OPP soar - Sales slumped by 20% last year. slump to - The currency slumped to a record low. v. (also be slumped) if your shoulders or head slump or are slumped, they bend forward because you are unhappy, tired, or unconscious - Her shoulders slumped and her eyes filled with tears. زمین باتلاقی، کاهش فعالیت، رکود، دوره رخوت، افت، ریزش، یکباره پایین آمدن یا افتادن، یکباره فرو ریختن، سقوط کردن، خمیده شدن

Answer 59

pessimistic adj. expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result OPP optimistic - a pessimistic view of life pessimistic about - He remains deeply pessimistic about the peace process. بدبین، وابسته به بدبینی

Answer 60

dilute v. to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid → water down diluted fruit juice dilute something with/in something - Dilute the paint with a little oil. v. to make a quality, belief etc weaker or less effective SYN water down - an attempt to dilute the proposals adj. a dilute liquid has been made weaker by the addition of water or another liquid OPP concentrated - dilute hydrochloric acid رقیق کردن، آبکی کردن

Answer 61

palatable adj. palatable food or drink has a pleasant or acceptable taste OPP unpalatable - a very palatable wine adj. an idea, suggestion etc that is palatable is acceptable OPP unpalatable palatable to - They changed the wording of the advertisement to make it more palatable to women. - The truth, as always, is slightly less palatable. مطبوع به ذائقه، خوش طعم لذیذ، دلپذیر

Answer 62

stagnate v. to stop developing or making progress - Growth is expected to stagnate next year. - His career had stagnated. راکد شدن، از جنبش ایستادن، بیروح شدن، خوابیدن کساد شدن stagnation (n) economic stagnation

Answer 63

esoteric adj. known and understood by only a few people who have special knowledge about something - the esoteric world of scientific supercomputing - He has an esoteric collection of old toys and games. - She has a somewhat esoteric taste in clothes. محرمانه، سری، رمزی درونی، داخلی، مبهم، مشکوک

Answer 64

befuddle v. to confuse someone: - Federer has a wide repertoire of clever shots that befuddle even the best of his opponents. گیج کردن، مست کردن (بامشروب) سرمست کردن

Answer 65

deliberate adj. intended or planned OPP unintentional SYN intentional - a deliberate attempt to humiliate her - The attack on him was quite deliberate. adj. deliberate speech, thought, or movement is slow and careful - He approached her with slow, deliberate steps. v. to think about something very carefully - The jury deliberated for four days before acquitting him. deliberate on/about/over - There was silence while she deliberated on his words. تعمد کردن، عمدا انجام دادن، عمدی، تعمدا، تعمق کردن، سنجیدن، اندیشه کردن، کنکاش کردن

Answer 66

antithesis n. the complete opposite of something antithesis of - This is not democratic. It is the antithesis of democracy. پادگذاره ضد و نقیض، تضاد، تناقض

Answer 67

valediction n. the act of saying goodbye, especially formally, or a formal speech in which someone says goodbye خداحافظی، وداع، بدورد خطابه تودیعی

Answer 68

hamstring n. a tendon behind your knee, which sometimes gets injured when you do sport - He pulled a hamstring in training. hamstring injury/problem/strain etc v. to make someone unable to take the action they want or need to take, especially by restricting them - The president feels he is hamstrung by Congress. زردپی طرفین حفره پشت زانو، عضلات عقب ران زردپی، زانوی کسیرا بریدن فلج کردن

Answer 69

complacent adj. pleased with a situation, especially something you have achieved, so that you stop trying to improve or change things – used to show disapproval - There’s a danger of becoming complacent if you win a few games. - a complacent attitude towards the problem complacent about - We simply cannot afford to be complacent about the future of our car industry. از خود راضی، عشرت طلب، تن آسا، خود خوشنود

Answer 70

hinder v. to make it difficult for something to develop or succeed SYN hamper - His career has been hindered by injury. - policies that will hinder rather than help families پسین، عقبی، مانع، واقع درعقب، پشتی، عقب انداختن پاگیرشدن، بازمانده کردن مانع شدن، بتاخیر انداختن

Answer 71

formidable adj. very powerful or impressive, and often frightening - The building is grey, formidable, not at all picturesque. - The new range of computers have formidable processing power. adj. difficult to deal with and needing a lot of effort or skill formidable task/challenge - the formidable task of local government reorganization ترسناک، سخت، دشوار نیرومند، قوی، سهمگین

Answer 72

impenetrable adj. impossible to get through, see through, or get into - The trees formed a dark and impenetrable barrier. - the impenetrable blackness of the night adj. very difficult or impossible to understand - impenetrable legal jargon غیر قابل رسوخ، سوراخ نشدنی، داخل نشدنی، نفوذنکردنی، درک نکردنی، پوشیده

Answer 73

obtrude v. (especially of something unwanted) to make something or to become too noticeable, especially by interrupting: - I don't want to obtrude upon/on her privacy. بدون تقاضا چیزی را مطرح کردن، مزاحم شدن، متحمل شدن بر، جسارت کردن

Answer 74

debunk v. to show that an idea or belief is false - His claims were later debunked by fellow academics. احساسات غلط و پوچ را از کسی دور کردن، کسی را آگاه و هدایت کردن، کم ارزش کردن

Answer 75

umbrage ``` take umbrage (at something): to be offended by something that someone has done or said, often without good reason - Will she take umbrage if she isn't invited to the wedding? ``` نگرانی، رنجش

Answer 76

affinity n. a strong feeling that you like and understand someone or something affinity with/for/between - his remarkable affinity with animals n. a close relationship between two things because of qualities or features that they share affinity with/between - the affinity between Christian and Chinese concepts of the spirit وابستگی، پیوستگی، قوم و خویش سببی، نزدیکی

Word List 05 Flashcards

(100 cards)