Words 9

Question 1

exciting and attractive because of being connected with rich, famous, and fashionable people SYN glamorous

Answer 1

glitz‧y / ɡlɪtsi / adjective

glitzy London parties

Question 2

1 [ always + adverb/preposition ] to appear as a large unclear shape, especially in a threatening way

2 if a problem or difficulty ____s, it is likely to happen very soon

3 ____ large
to seem important, worrying, and difficult to avoid

Answer 2

loom 1 / lum / verb [ intransitive ]

1 loom up/out/ahead etc
Suddenly a mountain loomed up in front of them.

2 An economic crisis is looming on the horizon .

3 loom large
Fear of failure loomed large in his mind.

Question 3

1 [ countable ] a neat pile of things → heap

2 a _____ of something/_____s of something especially British English informal a large amount of something

3 [ countable ] a chimney

4 the __________s [ plural ]
the rows of shelves in a library where the books are kept
→ blow your top/stack at blow 1 ( 16 )

Answer 3

stack 1 / stæk / noun

1 stack of
a stack of papers
stacks of dirty dishes

2 a stack of something/stacks of something especially British English informal
He’s got stacks of money.

4 the stacks [ plural ]

stack a neat pile of things of the same type : There were stacks of books on the floor.

Question 4

1 [ usually passive ] to give something or someone a name that describes them in some way → label , name

2 to change the original spoken language of a film or television programme into another language

3 especially British English
to make a record out of two or more different pieces of music or sound mixed together

4 American English to copy a recording from a tape or CD onto another tape

5 if a king or queen ___s someone, they give the title of knight to that person in a special ceremony

Answer 4

dub 1 / dʌb / verb ( past tense and past participle dubbed , present participle dubbing ) [ transitive ]

1 be dubbed something
The body, thousands of years old, was found in the Alps and dubbed ‘The Iceman’.

2 be dubbed into something
a British film dubbed into French

Question 5

1 remarks, jokes etc that are _____ deal with sex in a very rude and offensive way

2 not behaving politely in social situations SYN uncouth

3 not showing good judgment about what is beautiful or suitable

Answer 5

vul‧gar / vʌlɡə $ -ər / adjective

2 vulgar behaviour

3 a vulgar check suit

— vulgarly adverb

Question 6

1 a room with thick walls and a strong door where money, jewels etc are kept to prevent them from being stolen or damaged

2 a room where people from the same family are buried, often under the floor of a church

3 a jump over something

4 a roof or ceiling that consists of several arch es that are joined together, especially in a church

Answer 6

vault 1 / vɔlt $ vɒlt / noun [ countable ]

Question 7

1 important

2 something that is in a ___________ place is easily seen

3 something that is ___________ is large and sticks out

Answer 7

prom‧i‧nent / prɒmənənt, prɒmɪnənt $ prɑ- / adjective

1 a prominent Russian scientist
play a prominent part/role (in something)
Mandela played a prominent role in the early years of the ANC.
The World Cup will have a prominent place on the agenda.

2 prominent place/position
The statue was in a prominent position outside the railway station.

3 a prominent nose

— prominently adverb :
Her photo was prominently displayed on his desk.

Question 8

a dirty mark SYN smear

Answer 8

smudge 1 / smʌdʒ / noun [ countable ]

smudge of
a smudge of lipstick on the cup

— smudgy adjective

smudge a mark that is made when something touches against a surface : There was a smudge of lipstick on his cheek. | He had a smudge of chalk on his jacket.

smear a mark that is made by a small amount of something spread across a surface : The table had a smear of paint on the top.

Question 9

especially American English

1 a _______ substance, especially food or drink, is not safe because it is spoiled or contains a harmful substance or poison

2 affected or influenced by something illegal, dishonest, or morally wrong

Answer 9

taint‧ed / teɪntəd, teɪntɪd / adjective especially American English

2 a tainted witness

Question 10

1 if a very bright light _______s you, it stops you from seeing properly for a short time

2 to make someone feel strong admiration

Answer 10

daz‧zle / dæz ə l / verb [ transitive ]

1 a deer dazzled by the headlights

2 As children, we were dazzled by my uncle’s good looks and charm.

— dazzle noun [ uncountable ]

Question 11

in sb’s/sth’s _________ ( also in _________ to somebody/something ) literary
controlled or strongly influenced by someone or something

Answer 11

thrall / θrɔl $ θrɒl / noun

in sb’s/sth’s thrall ( also in thrall to somebody/something ) literary

We have a congress that is in thrall to special interest groups.

Question 12

formal to praise someone or something

Answer 12

laud / lɔd $ lɒd / verb [ transitive ]

Question 13

1 support [ transitive usually passive ]
a) to support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence

b) ( also ____ up ) to support an idea by providing facts, proof etc

2 move backwards [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive ]
to move backwards, or make someone or something move backwards

3 put something on the ____ [ transitive usually passive ]
to put a material or substance onto the ____ of something, in order to protect it or make it stronger

4 be behind something [ transitive usually passive ] to be at the ____ of something or behind it

5 music [ transitive usually passive ]
to play or sing the music that supports the main singer or musician

6 risk money [ transitive ] to risk money on whether a particular horse, dog, team etc wins something

7 ____ the wrong horse
to support someone or something that is not successful

Answer 13

back 3 S2 W3 verb

1 a) The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region.
Some suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by the US.
government-backed loans

b) ( also back up )
His claims are not backed by any scientific evidence.

2 back into/out of/away from etc
She backed into a doorway to let the crowds pass by.

back somebody into/towards/out of etc something
He began to back her towards the open door.

back something into/towards/out of etc something
I backed the car into the garage.

3 Back the photo with cardboard.
a plastic-backed shower curtain

4 The Jandia Peninsula is a stretch of white sands backed by a mountain range.

7 back the wrong horse

Question 14

1 [ countable ] a question you ask in order to get information

2 [ uncountable ] the act or process of asking questions in order to get information

3 [ countable ] an official process to find out about something

Answer 14

in‧quir‧y W2 , enquiry / ɪnkwaɪəri $ ɪnkwaɪri, ɪŋkwəri / noun ( plural inquiries )

1 inquiry about
We’re getting a lot of inquiries about our new London–Rio service.

inquiry from
inquiries from potential applicants
I don’t know who sent the gift, but I’ll make some inquiries .
help the police with their inquiries British English (= to answer questions about a crime )

2 On further inquiry, it emerged that Malcolm had not been involved in the incident.
The local council set up a committee of inquiry to look into policing arrangements.

scientific/intellectual inquiry

3 inquiry into
a judicial inquiry into the deaths
launch/set up/hold an inquiry (into something)
The Civil Aviation Authority has agreed to hold an inquiry into the accident.
The police have launched a murder inquiry .
Parents have called for an independent inquiry into the accident.
→ line of inquiry at line 1 ( 12 )

COLLOCATIONS

verbs
make an inquiry The police are making inquiries to discover the cause of the accident.
get/have an inquiry (= receive it ) We’ve already had a lot of inquiries about membership of the new sports centre.
receive an inquiry formal The television station has received several inquiries from viewers requesting a repeat of the programme.
handle/deal with an inquiry Staff will be available to deal with inquiries.
answer an inquiry ( also respond to an inquiry formal ) The government has not yet answered our inquiry.

adjectives
a general inquiry There is a need for a general inquiry into the train company’s safety standards.
a specific inquiry His job is to answer specific inquiries by individuals or groups.
a written inquiry I submitted a written inquiry to the local council.

phrases
a flood/stream of inquiries The special offer has produced a flood of inquiries from interested customers.

COLLOCATIONS

verbs
hold an inquiry The government has refused to hold an inquiry into the incident.
launch/set up an inquiry (= start it ) Police launched an inquiry yesterday after a man was killed by a patrol car.

ADJECTIVES/NOUN + inquiry
an official inquiry The outcome of the official inquiry will be eagerly awaited.
a public inquiry (= one which is open to members of the public ) MPs are demanding a public inquiry into the explosion at the nuclear power station.
an independent inquiry (= one that is organized by people who are not involved in a situation ) The Labour Party is calling for an independent inquiry into the conduct of the police.
a police inquiry The case has been reopened with a police inquiry.
a judicial inquiry (= one involving a judge ) Calls for a judicial inquiry into the affair are growing louder.
a government inquiry (= organized by the government ) A government inquiry was set up into discipline in schools.
a murder inquiry Police say they haven’t launched a murder inquiry at this stage.
an accident inquiry The accident inquiry revealed that the accident had been caused by human error.
a parliamentary/congressional inquiry (= by Parliament/Congress ) The report of a parliamentary inquiry into the drugs trade is published today.

Question 15

formal

1 [ usually passive ] if you are _________ed by unpleasant thoughts or feelings, they worry or upset you

2 if a strong smell or loud sound ________s you, you suddenly experience it

3 to attack someone or something violently

4 to criticize someone or something severely

Answer 15

as‧sail / əseɪl / verb [ transitive ] formal

1 Carla was suddenly assailed by doubts.

2 The smell of rotten meat assailed her nostrils.

4 assail somebody for something
He was assailed for gross misconduct.

Question 16

1 having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind SYN powerful

2 powerful and effective

3 a man who is _________ is able to have sex or able to make a woman pregnant OPP im_________

Answer 16

po‧tent / pəʊt ə nt $ poʊ- / adjective

1 potent drugs
a potent symbol of oppression
Advertising is a potent force in showing smoking as a socially acceptable habit.
A good company pension scheme remains a potent weapon for attracting staff.

2 The treaty requires them to get rid of their most potent weapons.

— potently adverb

Question 17

1 [ transitive ] to make someone suffer something unpleasant

2 ________ yourself/somebody on somebody
to visit or be with someone when they do not want you – used humorously

Answer 17

in‧flict / ɪnflɪkt / verb

1 inflict something on/upon somebody
The strikes inflicted serious damage on the economy.
Detectives warned that the men could inflict serious injury.

2 inflict yourself/somebody on somebody Was it really fair to her friends to inflict her nephew on them?

— infliction / ɪnflɪkʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ] :
the deliberate infliction of pain

Question 18

1 the ____ (of something)
the main or largest part of something

2 [ countable usually singular ] a big mass or shape of something

3 [ uncountable ] the size of something or someone

4 in ____
if you buy goods in bulk, you buy large amounts each time you buy them

Answer 18

bulk 1 AC / bʌlk / noun

1 the bulk (of something)
The bulk of consumers are based in towns.

2 the great bulk of a building

3 The dough will rise until it is double in bulk.

4 in bulk

bulk noun [ uncountable ] the very large size of something : The statue’s massive bulk made it difficult to move. | his enormous bulk | The view was dominated by the huge bulk of the power station.

Question 19

1 relating to a town or city

2 relating to the people who live in a town or city

Answer 19

civ‧ic / sɪvɪk / adjective [ only before noun ]

1 Jackson spent the day meeting with local religious and civic leaders.

2 It is your  civic duty  to vote in the local elections. 
civic pride    (= people’s pride in their own city )

Question 20

1 to try to persuade people to buy a product by advertising it in a particular way, using attractive packages etc

2 to make a product available in shops

Answer 20

market 2 verb [ transitive ]

1 If you could ever figure out how to market this you’d make a fortune.

market something for somebody
They plan to market the toy for children aged 2 to 6.

market something as something
Electric cars are being marketed as safe for the environment.

2 The turkeys are marketed ready-to-cook.

market verb [ transitive ] to try to sell a product or service by deciding which type of people are likely to buy it and by making it interesting to them : The collection is being marketed as clothing for climbers and skiers. | Most companies have agreed not to market products to children under 12.

Question 21

an imaginary place where life is extremely difficult and a lot of unfair or immoral things happen OPP utopia

Answer 21

dys‧to‧pi‧a / dɪstəʊpiə $ -toʊ- / noun [ countable ]

Question 22

1 something that happens or exists as a result of things that happened at an earlier time

2 money or property that you receive from someone after they die SYN inheritance

Answer 22

leg‧a‧cy 1 / leɡəsi / noun ( plural legacies ) [ countable ]

1 legacy of
The invasion left a legacy of hatred and fear.

legacy from
a legacy from the colonial period

2 She received a small legacy from her aunt.

Question 23

a period or process in which business activity, production etc is reduced and conditions become worse OPP upturn

Answer 23

down‧turn / daʊntɜn $ -tɜrn / noun [ countable usually singular ]

America’s current economic downturn
downturn in
a downturn in the auto industry

downturn a period during which there is a reduction in business activity and economic conditions become worse, when before the economy was growing : Public spending may reduce the effects of the downturn.

Question 24

1 to completely spoil something so that it cannot continue in a successful way SYN ruin

2 to damage something such as a building or vehicle so badly that it cannot be repaired

3 if a ship is ______ed, it is badly damaged and sinks SYN ship________

Answer 24

wreck 1 / rek / verb [ transitive ]

1 Injury threatened to wreck his sporting career.
It was drink that wrecked their marriage.

2 The car was completely wrecked in the accident.

3 The ship was wrecked off the coast of Africa.

Question 25

1 the _____ weight/size etc
used to emphasize that something is very heavy, large etc

2 _____ luck/happiness/stupidity etc
luck, happiness etc with no other feeling or quality mixed with it SYN pure

3 a _____ drop, cliff, slope etc
is very steep and almost vertical

4 _____ nylon , silk etc
is very thin and fine, so that it is almost transparent

Answer 25

sheer 1 / ʃɪə $ ʃɪr / adjective

1 the sheer weight/size etc
the sheer weight/size etc of
The sheer size of the country makes communications difficult.

2 sheer luck/happiness/stupidity etc
I’ll never forget the look of sheer joy on her face.
sheer hypocrisy

3 a sheer drop, cliff, slope etc

4 sheer nylon , silk etc
sheer stockings

Question 26

1 someone who lives by asking people for food and money

2 lucky/lazy/cheeky etc ______ British English spoken
used when speaking to or about someone you like

3 _________ can’t be choosers
used to say that, when you have no money or no power to choose, you have to accept whatever you are given

Answer 26

beg‧gar 1 / beɡə $ -ər / noun [ countable ]

1 the beggars on the streets

2 lucky/lazy/cheeky etc beggar British English spoken
‘How’s Dave?’ ‘The lucky beggar’s in the South of France!’

3 beggars can’t be choosers

Question 27

respected for being honest or for doing good work SYN reliable OPP dis___________

Answer 27

rep‧u‧ta‧ble / repjətəb ə l, repjʊtəb ə l / adjective

reputable firm/company
If you have a burglar alarm fitted, make sure it is done by a reputable company.

Question 28

if a group of people or things _________ somewhere, or are _________ed somewhere, they form a small group in that place

Answer 28

cluster 2 verb [ I, T always + adv/prep ]

cluster around/together etc
Reporters clustered around the palace gates for news.
Industries in Britain tend to be clustered together.

Question 29

to or in the centre or main business area of a town or city → uptown

Answer 29

down‧town S3 W3 / daʊntaʊn◂ / adverb

I have to go downtown later.

— downtown adjective [ only before noun ] :
downtown restaurants
She works for a law firm in downtown Miami.

Question 30

[ transitive usually passive ] American English if an area of land is ____d, it is officially kept separate from other land so that it can be used for a particular purpose

____ ___ phrasal verb informal
to stop paying attention because you are bored or tired, or because you have taken drugs

Answer 30

zone 2 verb

The land is currently zoned for residential use.

zone out phrasal verb informal

What? Oh, sorry – I was just zoning out there for a minute.

Question 31

1 a group of things of the same kind that are very close together

2 a group of people all in the same place

3 technical a group of sector s on one or more computer disk s

Answer 31

clus‧ter 1 / klʌstə $ -ər / noun [ countable ]

1 cluster of
a cluster of low farm buildings
a cluster of red berries
a diamond cluster ring

2 cluster of
A cluster of children stood around the ice cream van.

Question 32

to do a lot of activities in a short period of time SYN pack in

Answer 32

cram something ↔ in ( also cram something into something ) phrasal verb

We crammed in as much sightseeing as possible during our stay in New York.

Question 33

1 extremely serious or terrible

2 be in ____ straits
to be in an extremely difficult or serious situation

3 ___ warning/prediction/forecast
a warning about something terrible that will happen in the future

Answer 33

dire / daɪə $ daɪr / adjective

1 warnings of dire consequences that often don’t come true
The country is in dire need of food aid.
The situation looked dire.

2 be in dire straits
Everyone agrees the sport is in dire straits.

3 dire warning/prediction/forecast
Last night there were dire warnings of civil war.

Question 34

to work at, use, or operate a system, piece of equipment etc

Answer 34

man 2 verb ( past tense and past participle manned , present participle manning ) [ transitive ]

A team of volunteers are manning the phones.
the first manned spacecraft

Question 35

1 not working properly or not in good condition

2 seeming to be false, dishonest, or not to be trusted

3 involving risk or danger

Answer 35

dodg‧y / dɒdʒi $ dɑ- / adjective British English informal

1 Norton Disk Doctor can perform miracles on a dodgy hard disk.
Simon was rushed to hospital after eating what must have been dodgy prawns.

2 One girl thought the men looked dodgy.
dodgy share dealings

3 There were a few dodgy moments.

dodgy British English informal probably dishonest and not to be trusted – used especially to say that you do not want to be involved with someone or something : There’s something a bit dodgy about him. | dodgy business deals

Question 36

1 one apartment in a building with several apartments, each of which is owned by the people living in it

2 a building containing several of these apartments → apartment block

Answer 36

con‧do‧min‧i‧um / kɒndəmɪniəm $ kɑn- / noun [ countable ] especially American English

condominium ( also condo informal ) American English one apartment in a building with several apartments, owned by the people who live in them : a 10-unit condominium complex

Question 37

1 someone who does not live permanently in a particular country or area

2 British English someone who is not staying in a particular hotel

Answer 37

non-resident noun [ countable ]

1 A lot of houses in the area are being bought by non-residents.

2 British English
The hotel restaurant is open to non-residents.

— non-resident adjective

Question 38

too ready to believe what other people tell you, so that you are easily tricked

Answer 38

gul‧li‧ble / ɡʌləb ə l, ɡʌlɪb ə l / adjective

Plastic replicas of the Greek pottery are sold to gullible tourists.

— gullibility / ɡʌləbɪləti, ɡʌlɪbɪləti / noun [ uncountable ]

Question 39

willing to use power and influence in a dishonest way in return for money

Answer 39

ve‧nal / vinl / adjective formal

our venal politicians

— venality / vinæləti, vinælɪti / noun [ uncountable ] :
His venality has discredited Parliament.

Question 40

1 to secretly plan with someone else to do something illegal → conspiracy

2 if events _______ to do something, they happen at the same time and make something bad happen

Answer 40

con‧spire / kənspaɪə $ -spaɪr / verb [ intransitive ]

1 conspire (with somebody) to do something
All six men admitted conspiring to steal cars.
conspire against
There was some evidence that he had been conspiring against the government.

2 conspire to do something
Pollution and neglect have conspired to ruin the city.
conspire against
Emily felt that everything was conspiring against her.

Question 41

law to persuade someone to tell lies in a court of law or to do something else that is illegal, especially for money

Answer 41

sub‧orn / səbɔn $ -bɔrn / verb [ transitive ]

an attempt to suborn a witness

— subornation / sʌbɔneɪʃ ə n $ -bɔr- / noun [ uncountable ]

Question 42

a room, building, piece of land etc that is _________ to something is next to it

Answer 42

ad‧ja‧cent AC / ədʒeɪs ə nt / adjective

We stayed in adjacent rooms.

adjacent to
the building adjacent to the library

Question 43

1 to interrupt someone or become involved in their private affairs, in an annoying and unwanted way

2 to come into a place or situation, and have an unwanted effect

Answer 43

in‧trude / ɪntrud / verb [ intransitive ]

1 Would I be intruding if I came with you?

intrude into/on/upon
Employers should not intrude into the private lives of their employees.

2 intrude on
It is to be hoped that TV cameras never intrude on this peaceful place.

interfere to try to get involved in a situation where you are not wanted or needed : She tried not to interfere in her children’s lives. | It’s not your problem, so don’t interfere.

intrude to interfere by being somewhere where you are not wanted, or getting involved in a situation that is private – used especially when saying that you want to avoid doing this : Sorry, I didn’t mean to intrude while you were on the phone. | When someone dies, people are often worried about intruding.

Question 44

having a rough or pointed edge or surface

Answer 44

jag‧ged / dʒæɡəd, dʒæɡɪd / adjective

the broken bottle’s jagged edge
the jagged rocks of St. Saviour’s Point

— jaggedly adverb

jagged having an irregular edge with a lot of sharp points : a jagged rock | The floor was covered with jagged pieces of glass.

Question 45

1 to show or tell people about a new product or plan for the first time

2 to remove the cover from something, especially as part of a formal ceremony

Answer 45

un‧veil / ʌnveɪl / verb [ transitive ]

1 The club has unveiled plans to build a new stadium.

2 The statue was unveiled by the Queen.

— unveiling noun [ uncountable and countable ]

Question 46

1 go ____ informal
a business that goes ____ cannot continue operating

2 British English informal broken

Answer 46

bust 3 adjective [ not before noun ]

1 go bust informal

2 The television’s bust again.

Question 47

1 [ countable ] a house or an area of a city that is in very bad condition, where very poor people live

2 [ singular ] British English informal
a very untidy place

Answer 47

slum 1 / slʌm / noun

1 a slum area
slum housing
the slums of London

Question 48

1 to start to do something, especially after planning it or asking permission to do it

2 if an event or process __es _____, it happens

3 spoken
used to give someone permission to do something, or let them speak before you

4 ( also __ on _____) to go somewhere before the other people in your group

5 to start to be winning a game or competition

Answer 48

go ahead phrasal verb

1 go ahead with
They’ve decided to go ahead with plans to build 50 new houses on the site.

go ahead and do something
I went ahead and arranged the trip anyway.

2 A judge has ruled that the music festival can go ahead.

3 ‘Do you mind if I open the window?’ ‘No, go ahead.’
If you want to leave, go right ahead .

4 ( also go on ahead )
You go ahead and we’ll catch you up later.

go ahead of
He stood back to let Sue go ahead of him.

5 Dulwich went ahead after 22 minutes.
→ go-ahead 1

Question 49

1
a) [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition, not in progressive ]
to have a particular position in a list of people or things that have been put in order of quality or importance

b) [ transitive ] to decide the position of someone or something on a list based on quality or importance

2 [ transitive ] American English to have a higher ____ than someone else SYN out ____:

3 [ transitive ] to arrange objects in a line or row

Answer 49

rank 2 verb

1
a) rank as/among
Today’s match ranks as one of the most exciting games that these two have ever played.
We rank among the safest countries in the world.

rank with/alongside (= be of the same importance or quality )
Cuvier wanted to turn natural history into a science that would rank with physics and chemistry.

rank high/low
He ranked high among the pioneers of 20th century chemical technology.

b) be ranked fourth/number one etc
Agassi was at that time ranked sixth in the world.
It is not always easy to rank the students in order of ability.

2 SYN outrank :
A general ranks a captain.

3 There were several pairs of riding boots ranked neatly in the hall.

Question 50

1 someone who helps a group of people discuss things with each other or do something effectively

2 technical something that helps a process to take place

Answer 50

fa‧cil‧i‧tat‧or AC / fəsɪləteɪtə, fəsɪlɪteɪtə $ -ər / noun [ countable ]

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/25/london-empty-towers-very-british-corruption-tainted-wealth?CMP=fb_gu

Question 51

a line with irregular curves

Answer 51

squig‧gle / skwɪɡ ə l / noun [ countable ]

Shorthand just looks like a series of funny squiggles to me.

— squiggly adjective :
squiggly lines

Question 52

formal

to do something that is against the rules of social behaviour or against a moral principle

Answer 52

trans‧gress / trænzɡres $ træns- / verb [ intransitive and transitive ] formal

Orton’s plays transgress accepted social norms.

— transgressor noun [ countable ]
— transgression / -ɡreʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable and countable ]

Question 53

1 money
an official document promising that a government or company will pay back money that it has borrowed, often with interest

2 relationship
something that unites two or more people or groups, such as love, or a shared interest or idea → tie

3 ____s [ plural ] literary
something that limits your freedom and prevents you from doing what you want

4 with glue
the way in which two surfaces become attached to each other using glue

5 chemistry technical
the chemical force that holds atoms together in a molecule

6 written agreement
a written agreement to do something, that makes you legally responsible for doing it → contract

7 my word is my ____ formal
used to say that you will definitely do what you have promised

8 in/out of ____ technical
in or out of a ____ed warehouse

Answer 53

bond 1 AC / bɒnd $ bɑnd / noun [ countable ]

1 My father put all his money into stock market bonds.
furious trading on the bond market → junk bond , premium bond , savings bond

2 bond between
the emotional bond between mother and child

bond with
the United States’ special bond with Britain

bond of
lifelong bonds of friendship

3 bonds [ plural ]
bonds of
the bonds of fear and guilt

4 Use a glue gun to form a strong bond on wood or china.

5 In each methane molecule there are four CH bonds.

7 my word is my bond formal

8 in/out of bond technical

COLLOCATIONS

adjectives
a close/strong bond A strong bond had developed between them.
a common bond (= one that people share ) They shared a common bond – a love of literature.
a special bond There was a special bond between him and his mother.
an emotional bond As soon as we met we felt an emotional bond.

verbs
form/forge a bond (= make a bond ) Frequently horses form a strong bond with their riders.
have a bond Twins often have a very close bond.
feel a bond The people of the island feel a strong bond with each other.
strengthen a bond Sharing experiences strengthens bonds with friends.
break/destroy a bond He didn’t want to do anything to break the bond between them.
a bond develops (= a bond of friendship developed between them ) Over six months of working together, a close bond developed.

Question 54

1 improve something
to make something less bad SYN make up for

2 __________ yourself
to do something that will improve what other people think of you, after you have behaved badly or failed

3 get money for something
to exchange a piece of paper representing an amount of money for that amount of money or for goods equal in cost to that amount of money

4 religion
to free someone from the power of evil, especially in the Christian religion

5 _________ a promise/pledge formal
to do what you promised to do

6 get something back
to buy back something which you left with someone you borrowed money from

Answer 54

re‧deem / rɪdim / verb [ transitive ] formal

1 Olivier’s performance redeemed an otherwise second-rate play.

redeeming quality/feature etc (= the one good thing about an unpleasant person or thing )
The hotel had a single redeeming feature – it was cheap.

2 redeem yourself
He spent the rest of the game trying to redeem himself after a first-minute mistake.

3 You can redeem the coupon at any store.

4 - redeemer

5 redeem a promise/pledge formal
The government found itself unable to redeem its election pledges.

6 redeem something from something
He finally redeemed his watch from the pawnbroker.

Question 55

1 the state of being freed from the power of evil, believed by Christians to be made possible by Jesus Christ

2 the act of exchanging a piece of paper worth a particular amount of money for money, goods, or services

3 past/beyond ____________
too bad to be saved, repaired, or improved

4 technical
the exchange of share s , bond s etc for money

Answer 55

re‧demp‧tion / rɪdempʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]

3 past/beyond redemption

— redemptive / -tɪv / adjective

Question 56

1 British English informal
becoming annoyed quickly or easily SYN irritable

2 American English informal
dirty and in bad condition → shabby

Answer 56

rat‧ty / ræti / adjective

1 I feel guilty about getting ratty with the children.

2 a ratty old sofa
ratty hair

Question 57

to polish something with a cloth

____ __ phrasal verb informal
to exercise in order to make your muscles bigger

Answer 57

buff 2 ( also buff up ) verb [ transitive ]

Sandra was buffing her nails.

buff up phrasal verb informal

Smith buffed up for his role as Muhammad Ali.

Question 58

1 [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive ]
to secretly join an organization or enter a place in order to find out information about it or harm it

2 [ transitive ] to secretly put people into an organization or place in order to find out information or to harm it

3 [ transitive ] to become a part of something – used especially to show disapproval

Answer 58

in‧fil‧trate / ɪnfɪltreɪt $ ɪnfɪltreɪt, ɪnfɪl- / verb

1 Police attempts to infiltrate neo-Nazi groups were largely unsuccessful.

infiltrate into
Rebel forces have been infiltrating into the country.

2 infiltrate somebody into something
They repeatedly tried to infiltrate assassins into the palace.

3 Commercialism has been infiltrating universities for the past decade.

— infiltrator noun [ countable ]
— infiltration / ɪnfɪltreɪʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]

Question 59

1 make something continue
to make something continue to exist or happen for a period of time SYN maintain

2 suffer formal
to suffer damage, an injury, or loss of money

3 food/drink formal
if food or drink ________s a person, animal, or plant, it makes them able to continue living → sustenance

4 give strength formal
to make someone feel strong and hopeful

5 weight formal
to hold up the weight of something SYN support

6 idea formal
to support an idea or argument, or prove that it is right

Answer 59

sus‧tain W3 AC / səsteɪn / verb [ transitive ]

1 She found it difficult to sustain the children’s interest.
He was incapable of sustaining close relationships with women.
the policies necessary to sustain economic growth → sustained

2 Two of the firefighters sustained serious injuries.
Some nearby buildings sustained minor damage.
The company has sustained heavy financial losses this year.

3 They gave me barely enough food to sustain me.

4 The thought of seeing her again was all that sustained me.

5 He leant against her so heavily that she could barely sustain his weight.

6 This argument is difficult to sustain.

Question 60

1 of an army [ uncountable and countable ]
a movement away from the enemy after a defeat in battle OPP advance

2 movement back [ singular, uncountable ]
a movement away from someone or something

3 beat a ________ informal
to leave a place quickly

4 change of intention [ singular, uncountable ]
when you change your mind about something because your idea was unpopular or too difficult

5 place [ countable ] a place you can go to that is quiet or safe

6 thought and prayer [ uncountable and countable ]
a period of time that you spend praying or studying religion in a quiet place

7 finance [ singular, uncountable ] technical
a situation in which the value of shares etc falls to a lower level

Answer 60

retreat 2 noun

1 The rebel forces are in full retreat (= retreating very fast ) .
The bugler sounded the retreat (= gave a loud signal for retreat ) .

2 retreat from
Ten thousand years ago the ice began its retreat from Scotland.

3 beat a retreat informal
I saw my aunt coming and beat a hasty retreat .

4 retreat from
a retreat from hard-line policies

5 a country retreat

6 on (a) retreat 
I spent three weeks on retreat in Scotland.

Question 61

1 ____ __! spoken

a) used to tell someone to hurry
b) used to encourage someone to do something
c) used to tell someone that you know that what they have just said was not true or right
d) used to make someone angry enough to want to fight you

2 ____ __ in/over/up etc spoken
used to tell someone to ____ in, over, up etc, usually in a friendly way

3 if a light or machine ____s __, it starts working

4 if an illness ____s __, you start to be ill with it

5 if a television or radio programme ____s __, it starts

6 if rain or snow ____s __, it starts

7 to ____ onto a stage or sports field

8 to improve or make progress

9 ____ __ somebody/something
to find or discover someone or something by chance

10 ____ __ strong informal
to make it very clear to someone that you think they are sexually attractive

____ __ __ somebody/something phrasal verb

1 to start talking about a new subject

2 informal if someone _____s __ __ another person, they make it very clear that they are sexually interested in them

Answer 61

come on phrasal verb

1 come on! spoken
a) Come on, we’ll be late!

b) Come on, you can do it!
Come on, cheer up!

c) Oh come on, don’t lie!
d) Come on, then, hit me!

2 come on in/over/up etc spoken
Come on in – I’ve made some coffee.

3 A dog started barking and lights came on in the house.

4 I can feel a headache coming on.

5 Just at that moment, the news came on.

6 The rain came on just before lunchtime.

7 He scored only two minutes after he’d come on.

8 The children are really coming on now.
Your English is coming on really well.

9 come on somebody/something
We came on a group of students having a picnic.

10 come on strong informal

come on to somebody/something phrasal verb

1 I’ll come on to this question in a few moments.

2 informal
→ come-on :
The way she was coming on to Jack, I’m amazed he managed to get out alive!

Question 62

1 to be on your feet, or to rise to your feet → _____-__

2 [ always + adverb/preposition ] to stay healthy or in good condition in a difficult environment or after a lot of hard use

3 to be proved to be true, correct, useful etc when tested

4 ____ somebody __ informal
to not meet someone who you have arranged to meet

5 _____ __ and be counted
to make it very clear what you think about something when this is dangerous or might cause trouble for you

_____ __ ___ somebody/something phrasal verb
to support or defend a person or idea when they are being attacked

_____ __ __ somebody/something phrasal verb
to refuse to accept unfair treatment from a person or organization

Answer 62

stand up phrasal verb

1 I’ve been standing up all day.
Stand up straight and don’t slouch!
Jim stood up stiffly.

2 stand up to
Most of the plants stood up well to the heat.

3 stand up to/under
The memoirs stand up well to cross-checking with other records.
Without a witness, the charges will never stand up in court (= be successfully proved in a court of law ) .

4 stand somebody up informal
I was supposed to go to a concert with Kyle on Friday, but he stood me up.

5 stand up and be counted

stand up for somebody/something phrasal verb
It’s time we stood up for our rights.
Silvia is capable of standing up for herself.

stand up to somebody/something phrasal verb
He’ll respect you more if you stand up to him.
Cliff couldn’t stand up to bullying.

Question 63

1 if you __________ responsibility, power etc to a person or group at a lower level, or if it ___________s on them, it is given to them

2 if land, money etc ___________s to someone, it becomes their property when someone else dies SYN pass

Answer 63

de‧volve / dɪvɒlv $ dɪvɑlv / verb formal [ intransitive and transitive ]

1 devolve something to somebody/something
The federal government has devolved responsibility for welfare to the states.

devolve on/upon
Half of the cost of the study will devolve upon the firm.

Question 64

1 ____ something ↔ ____
to destroy something or make it stop existing

2 ____ ____ something
to earn a particular amount of money

3 ____ somebody ____
to make someone less successful, happy, or healthy

4 ____ ____ a menu
to make a computer program show you a list of the things it can do

Answer 64

pull down phrasal verb

1 pull something ↔ down
My old school was pulled down.

2 pull down something
Real estate stocks pulled down total returns of 35.7 percent.

3 pull somebody down
Her problems have really pulled her down.

4 pull down a menu

Question 65

1 to start to like someone or something

2 to start doing something regularly

3 ____ __ your bed
to get into your bed and stay there

Answer 65

take to somebody/something phrasal verb [ not in passive ]

1 Sandra took to it straight away .
Charles was an odd character whom Kelly had never really taken to.

2 take to doing something
Dee’s taken to getting up at 6 and going jogging.

3 take to your bed
He was so depressed, he took to his bed for a week.

Question 66

1 soft substance [ singular, uncountable ]
a very soft substance that is almost liquid, made by crushing plants, wood, vegetables etc

2 fruit/vegetable [ uncountable ]
the soft inside part of a fruit or vegetable

3 books/films etc [ uncountable ] American English books, magazines, films etc that are badly written and that contain lots of sex, violence etc

4 beat somebody to a ____ informal
to seriously injure someone by hitting them many times

5 tooth [ uncountable ]
part of the inside of a tooth

Answer 66

pulp 1 / pʌlp / noun

1 Mash the bananas to a pulp .
timber grown for wood pulp (= used for making paper )
a soft pulp of leaves and mud

2 Halve the melon and scoop out the pulp.

3 an ad in a pulp magazine
pulp fiction

4 beat somebody to a pulp informal

— pulpy adjective :
Cook slowly until soft and pulpy.

Question 67

1 a separate part of something such as a newspaper article where extra information is given

2 American English law an occasion when the lawyers and the judge in a trial discuss something without letting the jury hear what they are saying

Answer 67

side‧bar / saɪdbɑ $ -bɑr / noun [ countable ]

Question 68

not needed enough to be kept or saved

Answer 68

ex‧pend‧a‧ble / ɪkspendəb ə l / adjective

It’s a sad moment when a man loses his job and discovers that he is expendable.

Question 69

1 a trick to get someone’s money or make them do something

2 a prisoner

Answer 69

con 2 noun [ countable ] informal

1 a con to make people pay for goods they hadn’t actually received

Question 70

17 British English spoken
in the way that people usually do something or how they normally behave – often used humorously by people after they have mentioned doing something strange or unusual

Answer 70

as you do British English spoken

We talked, exchanged email addresses and phone numbers, as you do on planes.
I was driving a Ferrari through town yesterday – as you do – when I saw an old school friend outside the cinema.

Question 71

British English informal

to meet someone and start a sexual relationship with them

Answer 71

cop off phrasal verb British English informal

cop off with
The hero eventually cops off with the princess.

Question 72

1 [ intransitive and transitive ] to push or knock against someone in a crowd, especially so that you can get somewhere or do something before other people

2 [ intransitive ] to compete for something such as attention or a reward

Answer 72

jos‧tle / dʒɒs ə l $ dʒɑ- / verb

1 jostle for
Followers of the president jostled for position in front of the TV cameras.

2 A thousand thoughts were jostling around inside my mind.

Question 73

more important than anything else in a situation, system etc SYN key

Answer 73

piv‧ot‧al / pɪvət ə l / adjective

The Bank of England has a pivotal role in the London money market.

pivotal to
The talks are pivotal to the success of the country.

Question 74

1 to put things together onto a thread, chain etc

2 [ always + adverb/preposition ] to hang things in a line, usually high in the air, especially for decoration

3 be ____________ (out) along/across etc something written to be spread out in a line

4 to put a ________ or a set of _________s onto a musical instrument

_________ _____ phrasal verb informal
1 ______ somebody _____
to deceive someone for a long time by making them believe that you will help them, that you love them etc

2 British English
to go somewhere with someone for a short time, especially because you do not have anything else to do

_________ something ↔ ___ phrasal verb
informal to make something continue longer than it should

_____ something ↔ _________ phrasal verb

1 _________ words/a sentence together
to manage to say or write something that other people can understand

2 to combine things in order to make something that is complete, good, useful etc

_________ somebody ↔ __ phrasal verb informal
to kill someone by hanging them

Answer 74

string 2 verb ( past tense and past participle strung / strʌŋ / ) [ transitive ]

1 beads strung on a silver chain

2 string something along/across etc something
Christmas lights were strung from one end of Main Street to the other.

3 be strung (out) along/across etc something
the houses and shops were strung out along the bay

4 → highly-strung at highly

string along phrasal verb informal

1 string somebody along
He’s just stringing you along.

2 British English
string along with
If you’re going into town, I’ll string along with you.

string something ↔ out phrasal verb
informal
Rebel leaders attempted to string out negotiations to avoid reaching a settlement.

string something ↔ together phrasal verb
1 string words/a sentence together
He was so drunk he could hardly string two words together.

2 They string together image after image until the documentary is completed.

string somebody ↔ up phrasal verb informal

→ strung-up

Question 75

1 an event or situation that might happen in the future, especially one that could cause problems

2 ___________ fee
an amount of money that a lawyer in the US will be paid only if the person they are advising wins in court

Answer 75

con‧tin‧gen‧cy / kəntɪndʒənsi / noun ( plural contingencies ) [ countable ]

1 a contingency plan
Add up your outgoings, putting on a bit more for contingencies.

2 contingency fee

Question 76

1 formal to succeed in doing something in spite of difficulties

2 to arrange an event or situation in a clever way, especially secretly or by deceiving people

3 to make or invent something in a skilful way, especially because you need it suddenly

Answer 76

con‧trive / kəntraɪv / verb [ transitive ]

1 formal
contrive to do something
Schindler contrived to save more than 1,000 Polish Jews from the Nazis.

2The lawsuit says oil companies contrived the oil shortage in the 1970s.

3 In 1862, a technique was contrived to take a series of photographs showing stages of movement.

Question 77

1 [ intransitive and transitive ] to find customers for a prostitute

2 ( also ____ out ) [ transitive ] informal
to improve something or make it more attractive

Answer 77

pimp 2 verb

2 ( also pimp out ) [ transitive ] informal
You can pimp your car with these stickers.

Question 78

to produce a strong feeling or memory in someone

Answer 78

e‧voke / ɪvəʊk $ ɪvoʊk / verb [ transitive ]

The photographs evoked strong memories of our holidays in France.
His appearance is bound to evoke sympathy.
Her speech evoked a hostile response.

— evocation / evəkeɪʃ ə n, ivəʊ- $ evə-, ivoʊ- / noun [ uncountable and countable ] :
The poem is an evocation of lost love.

Question 79

a snow-covered slope which has been prepared for people to ski down → off-_________

Answer 79

piste / pist / noun [ countable ] British English

Question 80

1 [ transitive ] to start doing something again after stopping or being interrupted

2 [ intransitive ] if an activity or process _________s, it starts again after a pause

3 __________ your seat/place/position
to go back to the seat, place, or position where you were before

Answer 80

re‧sume 1 / rɪzjum $ rɪzum / verb formal

1 She hopes to resume work after the baby is born.
The rebels have resumed hostilities against government troops.

resume doing something
He will resume training as soon as the injury is better.

2 Peace talks will resume tomorrow.

3 resume your seat/place/position
Will the delegates please resume their seats?

Question 81

1 to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details

2 [ usually passive ] to show the edge of something, or draw around its edge, so that its shape is clear

Answer 81

outline 2 verb [ transitive ]

1 The new president outlined plans to deal with crime, drugs, and education.

2 a map with our property outlined in red
trees outlined against the sky

Question 82

1 a lot of small things that belong to someone, or are needed for a particular activity

2 the things and events that are connected with a particular activity, especially those which you think are unnecessary :
all the usual paraphernalia of bureaucracy

Answer 82

par‧a‧pher‧na‧li‧a / pærəfəneɪliə $ -fər- / noun [ uncountable ]

1 an electric kettle and all the paraphernalia for making tea and coffee
travelling paraphernalia

2 all the usual paraphernalia of bureaucracy

paraphernalia noun [ uncountable ] written a lot of small things that are used for a particular purpose : All the paraphernalia for making tea and coffee stood on the bedside table. | The police found drug paraphernalia all over the house.

FL The running-for-reelection politician, who uses quotes from Marcus Aurelius in his speeches, is always surrounded by a political paraphernalia that he calls “circus” and also does favors in exchange for votes.

Question 83

1 to finally agree to do or accept something that you had at first opposed, especially because someone has forced or persuaded you to

2 to accept that you are defeated in a game, fight, competition etc → surrender

3 ____ something ↔ __ British English
to give a piece of work or something you have written to someone in authority SYN hand in

____ __ __ something phrasal verb
to no longer try to stop yourself from doing something you want to do

Answer 83

give in phrasal verb

1 Eventually I gave in and accepted the job on their terms.
Bob’s wife went on at him so much that eventually he gave in.

give in to
The government refused to give in to their demands.

2 The rebels were eventually forced to give in.
We will carry on fighting to the end. We will never give in.

3 give something ↔ in British English
You were supposed to give this work in four days ago.
Rose decided to give in her notice (= officially say she was going to leave her job ) .

give something ↔ in to
All assignments must be given in to your teacher by Friday.

give in to something phrasal verb
Don’t give in to the temptation to argue back.
If you feel the urge for a cigarette, try not to give in to it.

Question 84

to make someone or something lose its value or people’s respect

Answer 84

de‧base / dɪbeɪs / verb [ transitive ] formal

The medical profession has been debased by these revelations.

debase yourself
actors who debased themselves by participating in the show

debase a currency/coinage (= reduce its value )

— debasement noun [ uncountable and countable ] :
currency debasement

Question 85

1 to refuse to accept or continue with something SYN reject

2 to state or show that something is not true or correct

Answer 85

re‧pu‧di‧ate / rɪpjudieɪt / verb [ transitive ] formal

1 He repudiated all offers of friendship.

2 The book repudiates the racist stereotypes about black women.

— repudiation / rɪpjudieɪʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable ]

Question 86

1
a) to drive onto a road from another road or from where you have stopped

b) to drive over to a different part of the road in order to get past a vehicle in front of you

2 if a train ____s ___, it leaves a station OPP ____ in

3 to stop doing or being involved in something, or to make someone do this

4 to get out of a bad situation or dangerous place, or to make someone or something do this

Answer 86

pull out phrasal verb

1
a) Don’t pull out! There’s something coming.

b) I pulled out to overtake a bus.

3 McDermott pulled out with an injury at the last minute.

pull out of
They are trying to pull out of the agreement.

pull somebody out of something
He threatened to pull his son out of the team.

4 Jim saw that the firm was going to be ruined, so he pulled out.

pull somebody/something ↔ out
Most of the troops have been pulled out.

pull out of
when the country was still pulling out of a recession → pull out all the stops at stop 2 ( 7 )

Question 87

eagerness to do something, especially to achieve a particular religious or political aim

Answer 87

zeal / zil / noun [ uncountable ]

religious/revolutionary/missionary etc zeal
He approached the job with missionary zeal.

in your zeal to do something
In their zeal to catch drug dealers, police have ignored citizens’ basic civil rights.

zeal for
their zeal for privatization

Question 88

1 to force someone to do something

2 formal to make people have a particular feeling or attitude

Answer 88

com‧pel / kəmpel / verb ( past tense and past participle compelled , present participle compelling ) [ transitive ]

1 → compulsion
compel somebody to do something
The law will compel employers to provide health insurance.
She felt compelled to resign because of the scandal.

2 formal
→ compulsion :
His performance compelled the audience’s attention .

Question 89

1 length of time
a particular length of time with a beginning and an end

2 life/history
a particular time in someone’s life or in history → era

3 blood
the flow of blood that comes from a woman’s body each month → menstrual _________:

4 mark   American English   
the mark (.) used in writing to show the end of a sentence or of an  abbreviation  SYN  full stop  British English 

5 school
one of the equal parts that the school day is divided into SYN lesson British English

6 sports
one of the equal parts that a game is divided into in a sport such as ice hockey

7 for emphasis
_________! American English spoken used to emphasize that you have made a decision and that you do not want to discuss the subject any more SYN full stop! :

Answer 89

pe‧ri‧od 1 S1 W1 AC / pɪəriəd $ pɪr- / noun [ countable ]

1 Tomorrow’s weather will be dry with sunny periods.

period of
His playing improved in a very short period of time .
a brief period of silence
The drug was tested over a five-week period.
They adopted the system for a trial period (= time in which something is tested to see if it works well ) .

2 the conflict of the Cold War period
Van Gogh’s early period
the Jurassic period
the behaviour of children during the period of adolescence

3 → menstrual period :
I was 12 years old when I started my periods .

5 What class do you have first period?

period of
a double period of Science

6 The Bruins scored twice in the first period.

7 for emphasis period! American English spoken
I’m not going, period!

COLLOCATIONS

ADJECTIVES/NOUN + period
a long/lengthy period They had to spend long periods apart.
a short/brief period He lived for a short period in Manchester.
a limited period (= a fairly short length of time ) From May, the site will be open to the public for a limited period.
a fixed/set period (= that will not be changed ) A tourist visa allows you to stay for a fixed period.
an indefinite period (= with no fixed end ) The painting had been loaned to the gallery for an indefinite period.
a six month/five year etc period They studied the behaviour of the ocean during a five year period.
a trial period (= a time in which you try something to see if it is good ) We could introduce the system for a trial period.

phrases
a period of time Over a period of time, this pressure can damage the fibres of the carpet.

Question 90

to make something more noticeable

Answer 90

ac‧cen‧tu‧ate / əksentʃueɪt / verb [ transitive ]

The photograph seemed to accentuate his large nose.

— accentuation / əksentʃueɪʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable and countable ]

Question 91

a feeling of anger because something has happened that you think is unfair SYN bitterness

Answer 91

re‧sent‧ment / rɪzentmənt / noun [ uncountable ]

resentment at/against/of etc
She was filled with deep resentment at being passed over for promotion.

feel/harbour/bear resentment
He felt considerable resentment towards Sheila for making him work late.

COLLOCATIONS

verbs
feel resentment He felt resentment at the criticism.
bear resentment (= feel it ) My father’s favourite was my younger sister, and I’d always borne him some resentment for this.
harbour resentment (= continue to feel it ) You obviously harbour some resentment against your ex-boyfriend.
cause/create resentment The special arrangements for overseas students caused resentment among the other students.
breed resentment (= cause it ) These misunderstandings had bred resentment.
arouse resentment (= make people feel it ) The terms of his contract aroused deep resentment among the other players.

adjectives
deep resentment The soldiers’ presence has created deep resentment.
bitter resentment (= very strong ) Heavy-handed policing caused bitter resentment.
great/considerable resentment There was great resentment among the workforce.
widespread resentment (= felt by a lot of people or in many places ) The actions of the police during the miners’ strike caused widespread resentment.
growing/increasing resentment Soon growing resentment against foreigners erupted into violence.
smouldering resentment (= resentment that is felt for a long time but not expressed ) The unrest highlighted the smouldering resentment in France’s poor neighbourhoods.

resentment anger because you think you are being treated badly or unfairly : The sudden increase in the numbers of immigrants has caused resentment among local people.

Question 92

feeling angry and upset about something that you think is unfair SYN bitter

Answer 92

re‧sent‧ful / rɪzentf ə l / adjective

resentful of/about/at etc
She felt resentful at not being promoted.

— resentfully adverb
— resentfulness noun [ uncountable ]

Question 93

to trick or deceive someone

Answer 93

dupe 2 verb [ transitive usually passive ]

dupe somebody into doing something
Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.

dupe informal to trick or deceive someone, especially so that they become involved in someone else’s dishonest activity without realizing it : The spies duped government and military officials alike.

Question 94

scram‧ble 1 / skræmb ə l / verb

1 climb [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition ]
to climb up, down, or over something quickly and with difficulty, especially using your hands to help you

2 move quickly [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition ]
to move somewhere in a hurried awkward way

3 do something quickly [ transitive ]
to try to do something difficult very quickly

4 compete [ intransitive ] to struggle or compete with other people to get or reach something

5 information/message [ transitive ]
to use special equipment to mix messages, radio signals etc into a different form, so that they cannot be understood by other people without the correct equipment

6 mix [ transitive ] to mix words, ideas, sentences etc so that they are not in the right order and do not make sense

7 _________ an egg
to cook an egg by mixing the white and yellow parts together and heating it in a pan

8 ___________ sb’s brains informal
to make someone unable to think clearly or reasonably

9 aircraft [ intransitive ]
if a military plane __________s, it goes up into the air very quickly in order to escape or to attack an enemy

Answer 94

scram‧ble 1 / skræmb ə l / verb

1 scramble up/down/over etc
They tried to scramble up the cliff.
She scrambled down the tree as quickly as she could.

2 scramble to/out/from etc
Alan scrambled out of the way.
Micky scrambled to his feet (= stood up very quickly and awkwardly ) and hurried into the kitchen.

3 scramble to do something
They were scrambling to give the impression that the situation was under control.

4 scramble for
Thousands of people will be scrambling for tickets.

5 Our conversation will be electronically scrambled.

6 The words in each sentence are scrambled.

7 scramble an egg

8 scramble sb’s brains informal
Maybe the alcohol has scrambled his brains.

scramble to climb somewhere quickly and with difficulty, using your hands to help you, especially when you are walking : They scrambled up the steep rocky bank.

Question 95

1 [ uncountable ] a feeling of emotional comfort at a time of great sadness or disappointment

2 be a ______ to somebody
to bring a feeling of comfort and calmness to someone, when they are sad or disappointed

Answer 95

sol‧ace / sɒləs, sɒlɪs $ sɑ- / noun formal

1 seek/find solace in something
After the death of her son, Val found solace in the church.

2 be a solace to somebody
Mary was a great solace to me after Arthur died.

— solace verb [ transitive ] literary

Question 96

to work as a priest :

________ to somebody/something phrasal verb formal
to give help to someone who needs it, especially someone who is sick or old

Answer 96

minister 2 verb [ intransitive ]

Rev Wilson spent 20 years ministering in some of New York’s poorest areas.

minister to somebody/something phrasal verb formal

She spent much time ministering to the sick.
ministering to the needs of other people

Question 97

1 a ____ point/question
something that has not yet been decided or agreed, and about which people have different opinions

2 American English a situation or possible action that is ____ is no longer likely to happen or exist

Answer 97

moot 1 / mut / adjective

1 a moot point/question
Whether these controls will really reduce violent crime is a moot point.

2 The fear that airstrikes could endanger troops is moot now that the army is withdrawing.

Question 98

a) not trained or not knowing much about a particular profession or subject
b) not in an official position in the church

Answer 98

lay 3 adjective [ only before noun ]

a) → layman :
lay witnesses

b) a lay preacher

Question 99

[ uncountable ] formal great respect and admiration for someone or something

Answer 99

rev‧e‧rence / rev ə rəns / noun

reverence for
reverence for tradition

Question 100

to complain or say that you are disappointed about something

Answer 100

be‧moan / bɪməʊn $ -moʊn / verb [ transitive ] formal

He was bemoaning the fact that lawyers charge so much.

bemoan the lack/absence/loss of something
an article bemoaning the lack of sports facilities in the area

Question 101

4 to understand or deal with something difficult

Answer 101

4 come/get to grips with something

I’ve never really got to grips with this new technology.

Question 102

1 a ___________ question/problem/issue etc
a question etc that is complicated and difficult

2 a _________ bush, plant etc has _______s

Answer 102

thorn‧y / θɔni $ θɔrni / adjective

1 a thorny question/problem/issue etc
the thorny question of immigration policy

— thorniness noun [ uncountable ]