Xam 3

Question 1

What is the general structure of DNA monomer

Answer 1

Phosphate
Deoxyribose (sugar)
Nitrogenous Base (adeine)

Question 2

What are the two base pairings possible between two nucleotides?

Answer 2

A-T
C-G

Question 3

The DNA backbone

Answer 3

Sugar and phosphate groups

Question 4

Antiparallel

Answer 4

The two strands run in opposite directions 5’ carbon end faces 3’ carbon end

Question 5

Complementary

Answer 5

Based on each strand pair specifically with one another A-T and C-G

Question 6

What happens in RNA

Answer 6

In RNA Uracil replaces thymine

Question 7

Helicase

Answer 7

The enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA molecule

Question 8

Single strand binding proteins

Answer 8

Attach to the loose strands of DNA to keep them from re forming the hydrogen bonds helicase broke apart

Question 9

Primase

Answer 9

Lays a shirt section of RNA primer to show polymerase where to begin

Question 10

DNA polymerase

Answer 10

Binds to DNA molecule and connects nucleotides in the correct order

Question 11

Leading Strand

Answer 11

DNA polymerase follows helicase as it unzips the DNA

Question 12

3’

Answer 12

Leading strand

Question 13

5’

Answer 13

Lagging strand

Question 14

Lagging strand

Answer 14

Follows in the opposite direction of helicase and polymerase, lagging strands small chunks of replicated DNA is called the Okazaki fragments

Question 15

Ligase

Answer 15

Re zips the DNAs sugar phosphate backbone and connects gaps left in the lagging strand

Question 16

Topoisomerase

Answer 16

Relives stress on the double helix that results from unwinding

Question 17

Origin of Replication

Answer 17

Each point at which DNA synthesis is initiated

Question 18

Telomere

Answer 18

The end of a eukaryotic chromosome is capped by the repeating sequence telomere (3’-GGGATT-5’)

Question 19

Stages of transcription

Answer 19

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 20

Template strand

Answer 20

3’ to 5’ (original strand)

Question 21

Coding Strand

Answer 21

5’ to 3’ the strand being translated from the original given its base pair

Question 22

How does elongation work

Answer 22

RNA grows 5’ to 3’ but template DNA is read 3’ to 5’

Question 23

DNA to MRNA

Answer 23

Transcription

Question 24

MRNA to PROTEIN

Answer 24

Translation

Question 25

Start and Stop Codon

Answer 25

AUG and MET

Question 26

What do tRNAs do

Answer 26

Matches the codon with the proper amino acid

Question 27

Where does the amino acid attach

Answer 27

3’

Question 28

Where does transcription occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 28

In prokaryotes it occurs in the cytoplasm in eukaryotes it occurs in the nucleus

Question 29

How does a codon in MRNA base pair with the anticodon of TRNA

Answer 29

Each anticodon matches up with a codon on the MRNA