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Biology (School) > Year 10 Biology > Flashcards

Year 10 Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Difference within a species because of different genes.

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2
Q

What is environmental variation?

A

Difference within a species because of different conditions during upbringing.

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3
Q

Give 4 examples of environmental variation

A

Got a bad cold, dyed blonde hair, cut on face and STD

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4
Q

Give 4 examples of genetic variation

A

Sex, height, eye colour and attached ear lobes

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5
Q

Which two contraceptive methods prevent the sperm and ovum meeting?

A

Diaghragm and the sheath(condom)

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6
Q

Name one contraceptive method that prevents STDs

A

Sheath(condom)

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7
Q

Name an STD (virus)

A

HIV

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8
Q

What is a gene?

A

It contains the genetic information from both parents.

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9
Q

Where do you find a gene?

A

In the human genome.

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10
Q

What is gene made of?

A

A gene is made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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11
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

Within the nucleus of every cell

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12
Q

DNA is a long molecule consisting of _______, ___________ and a ______________. One of each of these components bonded together correctly bonded together correctly forms a _________. The whole DNA molecule has _________ _________ and twists together to form a _________ __________.

A

Deoxyribose, Phosphate,Nitrogenous base, nucleotide, two strands, double helix.

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13
Q

There are _ different nitrogenous bases: __________, __________, ___________ and _____________.

A

4, Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine.

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14
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases shortened to?

A

A,C,G,T

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15
Q

Adenine will always bond with _________

A

Thymine

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16
Q

Guanine will always bond with __________

A

Cytosine

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17
Q

Work out the complementary strand

C T T G T A G T C A

A

G A A C A T C A G T

18
Q

Work out the complementary strand

G G C A T G C T T C

A

C C G T A C G A A G

19
Q

Work out the complementary strand

G A C T T G G T T C

A

C T G A A C C A A G

20
Q

Work out the complementary strand

C T G A A G T G G C

A

G A C T T C A C C G

21
Q

Give an example fo when an aseptic technique may be used

A

In a food testing laboratory

22
Q

What type of variation is shoe size

A

Discontinuous

23
Q

What type of variation is eye colour

A

Continuous

24
Q

What 2 cells in the body get rid of infection

A

Physical barrier eg nose etc

Lymphocytes

25
Q

What are phagocytes

A

Phagocytes are the type of white blood cells responsible for “mopping up” infected cells and pathogens that have entered the body.

26
Q

Describe phagocytosis

A

Phagocytes go around ingesting and then digesting microbes. They work a bit like pacman! This process is known as phagocytosis

27
Q

Give 2 side effects of using the pill

A

Weight gain

Mood changes

28
Q

What is the shape of the DNA molecule named

A

Double Helix

29
Q

How many chromosomes does every human cell have

A

46

23 from father and 23 from mother

30
Q

Give 2 examples of a bacteria disease

A

Salmonella

Meningitis

31
Q

Give 2 examples of fungi diseases

A

Athlete’s foot

Thrush

32
Q

Give 2 examples of virus diseases

A

Measles

HIV

33
Q

What is an antibiotic

A

Antibiotics are a group of chemicals that stop bacterial growth.

34
Q

Who first discovered the antibiotic

A

Alexander Fleming

35
Q

What has been the recent problem with antibiotics

A

In recent years a major problem with the overuse of antibiotics has developed. It has been observed that some types of bacteria are now resistant to certain antibiotics. These bacteria are often referred to as “superbugs” by Newspapers and TV programmes.

36
Q

Name 2 “superbugs”

A

MRSA

C. difficile

37
Q

Name 4 methods to stop pregnancy

A

The Natural Cycle
Chemical Contraceptive Methods
Mechanical Contraceptive Methods
Surgical Methods

38
Q

Define Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

A

These are diseases passed from one person to the next during sexual intercourse

39
Q

What does variation mean

A

Variation means that everything is different. You do not look the same as your friends. You do not always like the same things as your friends

40
Q

Define Continuous variation

A

Continuous Variation is when you get a range or a gradual change across the population which can be measured. e.g. height or weight.

41
Q

Define discontinuous variation

A

Discontinuous variation can clearly be divided into groups. e.g. ability to roll tongue, blood group, ear lobe shape, eye colour and hair colour.

Biology (School) (4 decks)

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