Year 11 Economic Features in the UK Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Year 11 Economic Features in the UK Deck (47)
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1
Q

Deindustrialisation

A

The decline of a county’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs

2
Q

Globalisation

A

The process that has created a more connected world which increases in tho movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide

3
Q

Government policy

A

Laws/policies put forward by the government

4
Q

Deindustrialisation in the UK

A

Fewer jobs available in manufacturing and heavy industries such as coal. These industries were once a primary source of employment and income in the UK

5
Q

Globalisation in the UK

A

Lost of manufacturing has moved overseas where there’s cheaper labour but HQ remains in UK. Trading with other countries is as important part of UK GDP

6
Q

Government policies in the UK

A

Government decisions on investment and new infrastructure affects how the economy grows. Membership in government groups e.g. World Trade Organisation make it easier for UK companies to operate around the world

7
Q

The impact of deindustrialistation on the north east of England

A

North East first area to industrialise and first to deindustrialise with the closure of many coal mines in 1993 leaving 1000 unemployed in Easington Colliery. Today still many unemployed and local businesses struggle to survive

8
Q

How has the government tried to help Easington Colliery

A

Invested in new infrastructure, encouraged foreign investment from TNCs e.g. Nissan and setting up local enterprise schemes

9
Q

What are business and science parks

A

Purpose built areas of houses or buildings usually at edge of cities or near Unis where scientific/ business research takes place

10
Q

Example of a science parks

A

Cambridge: a high-tech hub

11
Q

Advantages of Cambridge: a high-tech hub

A

Good transport links inc M11
Graduates from the uni provide educated workforce
City offers good quality of life, with plenty of shops and open spaces

12
Q

Disadvantages of Cambridge: a high-tech hub

A

City is overcrowded and congested making it difficult to drive or park
House prices are high

13
Q

Impacts of industry on physical environement

A

Manufacturing plants are aesthetically polluting
Can cause air and water pollution, degraded soil
Waste products taken to landfill again polluting
Can emit harmful chemicals polluting atmos

14
Q

Impacts of quarrying industry on the physical environment

A

Eyesore and destroy habitats
Noise pollution from explosives used to break rocks
Lorries transport rocks, adds to congestion and CO2 emissions

15
Q

More sustainable industry

A

Heavy fines imposed when pollution occurs

strict targets put in place on water quality etc.

16
Q

More environmentally sustainable quarrying

A

Quarries can be restored to create wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply
Limestone features can be recreated to make landscape look more natural
Regular monitoring of noise, vibration etc

17
Q

An example of counter-urbanisation

A

South Cambridgeshire is experiencing rapid pop growth as people are moving out of London to enjoy a different place and a better quality of life

18
Q

Disadvantages of rural to urban migration

A

Many are retired meaning ageing population so more health services are needed and schools may need to close down
Also, wealthier newcomers are increasing house prices

19
Q

What is the north-south divide

A

An imaginary line geographers use to study variations such as employment, earnings, education and services. North tends to be worse than the south

20
Q

North of the line

A

Where most manufacturing was located until deindustrialised
High unemployment levels
Slow population growth as people move south for jobs
Lower house prices as lower demand

21
Q

South of the line

A

Less manufacturing so deindustrialisation not much of an issue
Higher employment levels
Higher population growth
Higher house prices

22
Q

What are local enterprise partnerships

A

Voluntary partnerships between local authorities and businesses set up in 2011 to lead economic growth and job creation within a local area

23
Q

What are enterprise zones

A

An area in which state incentives such as tax concessions are offered to encourage business investment

24
Q

What is the idea behind the northern powerhouse

A

Improving connectivity and transport
developing science, skills and innovation
Improving quality of life
Devolution and local growth

25
Q

How much money has been spent on the northern powerhouse

A

£3.4 billion on businesses
£70 million on on schools
£13 billion on transport

26
Q

Is the northern powerhouse the answer to the north south divide

A

Not necessarily as there are still many deprived areas in the south so there isn’t a clear divide

27
Q

What is the London gateway

A

New port complex on the east of the Thames had £1.5 billion invested into it
will attract 17 million customers
Shows that the divide between the north and south is increasing

28
Q

Why was the London gateway put in place

A

Biggest economy in Europe so wants to stay ahead of rivals

29
Q

What is a hub

A

Centre for economic activity, transport etc. that attracts people into London
Could bring investment in and improves development

30
Q

Road improvements in the UK

A

100 new road schemes
1300 miles of lanes added to motorways and extra lanes added
Develop smart motorways to keep traffic moving

31
Q

HS2 (high speed railway)

A

Will go from London to Birmingham and Manchester to Leeds

32
Q

Ads of HS2

A

Take pressure off existing roads and railways
Reduce journey times
Will generate £40 billion brings economic benefits to northern England brings many jobs

33
Q

Disads of HS2

A

Costs £42 billion and difficult to predict profit
People don’t want to travel any faster
Will increase CO2 emissions

34
Q

Ads of expanding Heathrow airport

A

Increase no. of flights and boost economy by £200 mil
If it doesn’t expand, London in danger of losing position as a leading world city
Provides more jobs

35
Q

Disads of expanding Heathrow airport

A

Costs £18.6 billion
Some think it better expanding Manchester as improve economy in north
Will increase CO2 emissions
Noise pollution will get worse

36
Q

Developing UK sea ports

A

Liverpool 2, new container terminal will double the ports capacity, create 000s jobs and reduce road freight

37
Q

What is the EU

A

Social, political and economic organisation where countries come together to promote equality etc

38
Q

Why did the UK join the EU

A

Because they needed to reduce trade boundaries, boosting economy in 1973

39
Q

Advantages of UK being part of the EU

A

Low prices of goods as no custom tax
citizens free to move from country to country
More jobs generated
Workers are protected

40
Q

Disadvantages of UK being part of the EU

A

Not all policies are efficient
Overcrowding of major cities
‘Single currency’ is a problem
Costly to be a member cost per head ranges from £300 to £873

41
Q

What is the commonwealth

A

52 independent countries (2.4 billion people)

in every continent and supports democracy, development and peace

42
Q

Key features of commonwealth

A

60% of the members are under 30 so high workforce

Creates £3 trillion in exports per year

43
Q

How does the UK benefit from being part of the commonwealth

A

Increase connections/ trade around the world

Commonwealth games offers regeneration schemes

44
Q

Trade in the UK

A

Cheaper transports costs as near to Europe
European countries are among the wealthiest so volume of trade is greater
But USA and China are also main trading partners for the UK

45
Q

Culture in the UK

A

UK becoming more culturally diverse e.g. festivals like Diwali and Eid

46
Q

Communications in the UK

A

By 2014 almost 3 billion people had access to the internet, 90% people in UK use it
2.1 emails send per second and predicted to increase

47
Q

Transport in the UK

A

Heathrow is the largest UK airport and has links to the rest of the world