Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bacteriology/Mycology > Yeasts > Flashcards

Yeasts Flashcards

1
Q

Under a microscope, you see Hyphal structures. What is the causative agent? How would you describe the appearance?

A
  1. Mold
  2. “fuzzy”/wooly appearance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Under a microscope, you see Single cell/budding structures. What is the causative agent? How would you describe the appearance?

A
  1. Yeast
  2. “bacteria like”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the representative yeasts.

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
Malassezia pachydermatis
Candida albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with ________ lesions affecting _______ membranes. Examples?

A

ulcerative, mucous
Respiratory tract (including nasal sinuses), central nervous system (meninges), eyes (chorioretinitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

______ are more severely affected by Cryptococcus neoformans, resulting systemic mycosis.

A

Cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does Cryptococcus neoformans affect cattle?

A
  • Cows (mastitis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Cryptococcus neoformans affect horses?

A
  • Horse (endometritis and abortion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List all the species Cryptococcus neoformans affects?

A

Dogs, ferrets, sheep, goats, llamas, parrots, elk, horses, cats, cows, and humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Cryptococcus neoformans affect humans?

A

(opportunistic pathogen/ immunocompromised patients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans
* Characteristics
* ________ cells
* ____________ fungus
* Contains ____ acids- _____ complement proteins to degradation
* Produces phospholipase which is involved in the membrane _______ in the host cells
* Produces _________, a powerful antioxidant, resist enzyme ________, ______, allows _______ absorption

A

Spherical, Monomorphic, sialic, direct, disruption, melanin, degradation, radiation, nutrient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a major virulence factor of Cryptococcus neoformans? What is its purpose?

A
  • It has a very thick capsule
    Capsule, a major virulence factor. Prevents antibody phagocytosis, stimulate T regulatory cells,
    inactivate the alternative complement pathway activation
    Underline characteristics are associated with its pathogenesis in infected animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans
* Growth characteristics
- _____ temperature to ___°C
- encapsulation is optimal in _________ agar plates, ___°C, ___% CO2
- produces _______ pigmented colonies
- four antigenic types: ?

A

room, 37, chocolate, 37, 5, melanin, A, B, C, D.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans
* Ecology
- lives in surface ____ and ___
- present in dried _____ feces up to _____ year (rich in _________)

A

dust, dirt, pigeon, one, creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans
* Transmission

A
  • respiratory, rarely percutaneous, non- contagiuos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformanns in the CNS.

A

Meningitis relatively asymptomatic), encephalitis, granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformanns in the Pulmonary System

A

Bilateral, miliary lesions, lobar pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Cryptococcus neoformanns in the cutaneous system

A

Traumatic implantation, ulcerative papules in skin
Nodules, granulomas, or ulcers in mucocutaneous tissue
Manifestation of systemic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the primary site of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in cats?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the primary site of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in dogs?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the primary site of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in horses?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the primary site of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in cattle?
26
What is the primary site of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in koala?
27
Cryptococcus neoformans - cat
28
Cryptococcus neoformans - cat
29
Cryptococcus neoformans - skin
30
Cryptococcus neoformans - lung
31
Cryptococcus neoformans - horse
32
Cryptococcus neoformans - dog
33
Cryptococcus neoformans Immunity - Serology: Detection of antibodies to ______ - _____ mediated immunity ( ________ activation) - _____ cells
capsule, Cell, macrophage, NK
34
Cryptococcus neoformans Laboratory Diagnosis - ______ examination using _____ ink, from _______, _____________ washes, cerebro-spinal fluids - Histopathology, _____ and _____ staining - _________, ______ agar and _____ at room temperature or 30°C
Direct, india, exudates, tracheobronchial, Wright, Giemsa, Culture, blood, SDA
35
Cryptococcus neoformans Treatment? Control?
- Fluconazole, Itraconazole, 5- fluorocytosine -Disinfect surfaces (facilities)
36
Malassezia pachydermatis * Characteristics - ____, ________ yeast - ________ are not usually observed - Culture in ____ agar, colonies with ______ tint seen on the surface - Range of temperature incubation: ___ to ___°C - ______ or _______
Oval, budding, Filaments, blood, greenish, 25, 41, Aerobic, microaerophilic
37
Malassezia pachydermatitis produces enzymes including? How many biotypes does Malassezia pachydermatitis have? Name them.
proteinase, chondroitin sulfatase, hyaluronidase, and phospholipase - Four genetic biotypes: A, B, C, D.
38
What can be seen in this image?
Malassezia pachydermatidis
39
Malassezia pachydermatis normally lives on ___ and ____ _______ of dogs, cats, ferrets, ruminants, horses.
skin, ear canal
40
Malassezia pachydermatitis is associated with _____ ________ and _______.
otitis externa, dermatitis
41
What are the disease contributing factors that lead to Malassezia Pachydermatitis?
- Immune-mediated hypersensitivity and immunosuppression are contributing disease factors
42
How is Malassezia pachydermatis transmitted? Which dog breeds are more susceptible?
Transmission - Opportunistic fungus - Associated to other skin diseases - Dog breeds more susceptible: Australian silky terriers, basset hounds, cocker spaniels, dachshunds, poodles, West highland white terriers.
43
Malassezia pachydermatis: Laboratory diagnosis - _____ examination, ____-tipped swabs rolled on glass slides and stained with _____ and _____. You will see _____ with characteristic morphology of “ ______-shaped or “ _____ print”. - Cotton-tipped swabs streaked on ____ at ____°C - _____
Direct, cotton, Wright’s, Giemsa, yeast, bottled, shoe, SAD, 37, PCR
44
How is a case of Malassezia pachydermatis treated?
- Nystatin, clotrimazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole NICKM
45
What can be seen in the image below?
Malassezia pachydermatis
46
What can be seen in the image below?
Malassezia pachydermatis
47
What can be seen in the image below?
Malasseiza dermatitis associated with allergic dermatitis
48
Candida albicans (___________) is apart of ______ flora of mucous membranes of most ________ and ______
Candidiasis, normal, mammals, birds
49
How many species of Candida albicans exist? How many cause disease?
More than 200 species, few are associated with disease
50
Which species are more susceptible to infection by Candida albicans?
Immunocompromised animals (humans) are more susceptible & Overuse of antibiotics, steroids and hormones.
51
Candida albicans * Oval budding yeast cells sprout _______ _____ that develop into _____-branching mycelium * ___________ * Chlamydospore is a _____ walled _____ attached to the mycelium (in _____ only) * _____ sero-groups are recognized: ?
germ tubes, septate, Blastoconidia, thick, sphere, vitro, Two, A and B
52
What can be seen in the image below?
53
What can be seen in the image below?
Pseudomycelium + blastoconidia
54
What are the cellular products produced by Candida albicans? What are their functions?
* Cellular products - Adhesin: adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins - Proteases and neuraminidases: promote tissue invasion and adherence to host cells
55
Candida albicans * Growth characteristics - ________, ___ to ____°C, _____
Aerobic, 25, 30, SDA
56
Candida albicans * Ecology - Present in ____________ areas, ____ and _____ tracts of mammals and birds
mucocutaneous, GI, genital
57
How is Candida albicans transmitted?
* Transmission - Endogenous infection, C. albicans is a commensal micro-organism - Hematogenous spread Systemic infections
58
1. List the characteristics of Candida albicans that help it carry out its disease pathogenesis. 2. Candida albicans pathogenesis: - Affects _______ surfaces of ____ tract from _____ to ____, ______ to ______ or ____ plaques with areas of _______ and ______ 3. What other areas are affected? 4. Septicemic infections --> ?
1. See below: - Adhesin - Cell wall glycoproteins --> Endotoxins - Proteases and phospholipases --> virulence factors 2. mucous, GI, mouth, stomach, whitish, yellow, gray, ulceration, inflammation 3. Genital tract, skin, claws are affected. 4. Respiratory and intestinal
59
Candida albicans Disease effects which species?
Birds, swine, equine, cattle, dogs, and cats
60
Candida albicans infection effects what part of the body in birds, swine, and equine?
GI tract
61
Candida albicans infection causes what conditions in cattle?
Pneumonic, enteric, mastitis, and systemic candidiasis
62
Candida albicans infection causes what conditions in dogs and cats?
non-healing ulcerative lesions on the oral, upper respiratory mucosae, GI mucosae, and genitourinary tract
63
How would you diagnose Candida albicans in a patient?
* Laboratory diagnosis - Blastoconidia, pseudohyphae observation - Stains: Gram, Wright-Giemsa, periodic acid Shifft, Gomori metheneamine silver
64
How would you treat a patient suffering from Candida albicans ?
65
Candida albicans
66
How many species of Candida albicans exist? How many cause disease?
More than 200 species, few are associated with disease
67
Which species are more susceptible to infection by Candida albicans?
Immunocompromised animals (humans) are more susceptible & Overuse of antibiotics, steroids and hormones.

Bacteriology/Mycology (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions