What is acid deposition and what effect does it have on the environment
Wet deposition – acidic rain, snow, fog, and cloud vapor with pH of less
than 5.6 (Falls further from the source)
• Dry deposition – consisting of acidic particles. (Falls closer to the source.)
• Acid deposition is a combination of the two. (Acid deposition = ‘acid rain’)
bad for soil and damage crops, worst case in China because they produce the moost NOx or SOx
What are carcinogens (examples names)
Cancer causing toxins ( contain certain viruspromote cancer a disease maligant cells multiply uncontrollably and create tumors)
Examples: PCBs (polychlorinated blyphsis), arsenic, benzene, gamma radiation, tobacco smoke, UV, vinyl chloride
What are advantages and disadvantage of recycling goods
.
What is the best way to deal with solid waste
.
What is trash incinerator? What are the advantages and disadvantages of dealing with waste using an incinerator
.
How can indoor air pollution be prevented
.
What is photochemical smog? What substance make up photochemical smog? Where is photochemical smog located
How does photochemical smog form?
• Large amounts of NO and VOCs are in the air, NO converted
to NO2, exposed to UV light, NO2 reacts with VOCs.
• What is photochemical smog composed of?
• Mixture of ozone, nitric acid, aldehydes, peroxyacyl nitrates
and other secondary pollutants.
• What climates tend to have worse photochemical smog?
• Sunny, warm and dry
What technique are used to remove SOx NOx and particulates from the smoke of power plants
.
What are nonpoint sources?
Sources that are broad and diffuse areas, rather
than points, from which pollutants enter bodies
of surface water or air.
• What are examples of nonpoint sources?
• Runoff of chemical and sediment from cropland,
livestock feedlots
What are some harmful effects of acid deposition?
• Damage statues and buildings, human respiratory diseases,
leach toxic metals from soils and rocks into lakes and
drinking water.
• Harms ecosystems. Kills fish.
• Harms crops.
• Leaches Ca and Mg from forest soils. Releasing aluminum,
lead, mercury and cadmium ions from the soil where they
damage tree roots.
What are photochemical reactions
activated by light
VOC reacts with NOx + heat+ light
What diseases can be transmitted from contaminated drinking water
Typhoid fever, cholera, bacterial dysentery,
enteritis, infections hepatitis, poliomyltitis
How can the following factors affect toxicity?
Dose
How much is ingested or absorbed
Genetic makeup
Can determine how sensitive someone is
Body’s detoxification systems work
How well liver, lungs, and kidneys work
Solubility
Water soluble – Travels through water and affects aqueous solutions
surrounding cells
Fat soluble – Accumulates in body tissues and cells
Persistence
Chemical’s resistance to breaking down
Biological Magnification
Animals higher in the food chain will experience magnified results of
eating animals containing fat-soluble chemicals.
Where can PCB be found” what are the effect on a person health
Found everywhere, takes a long time to break down
Health effects include:
Cause liver and other cancers
Learning disabilities due to fetal exposure
Where can Lead be found and the effect on a person’s health?
.can be found in air, water, soil , plant, and animals
– does not break down in environment,
harm the nevrous system especially young children,
acute lead posioning, paralysis, blindness, mental retradation, heating damage, headaches, behaviour disorder only for young pple
What effect can exposure to mercury have?
Long-term exposure permanent damage to
nervous system, kidneys and lungs
Low levels can cause birth defects
Where are mercury found?
How does mercury get into the air? Rocks, soil, and volcanoes and vaporized from ocean. (1/3 in environment) Human activities: Burning coal, waste incinerators, etc (2/3 in environment)
Fishes is a hot spot, Artic because
Many animals live there that are at the
top of food chains and mercury
bioaccumulates in these top feeders: they overall eat the fish that contain mercury and it just spread.
Carbon monoxide
What is carbon monoxide (CO)?
• Colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas
• What are sources of carbon monoxide?
• Motor vehicle exhaust, burning of forests and
grasslands, smokestacks of fossil fuel-burning plants,
etc.
• Why is carbon monoxide a concern?
• Combines with hemoglobin in red blood sells which
reduces ability of blood to transport oxygen. Long
term- can trigger heart attacks, asthma, and
emphysema. Great quantity over short time:
headache, nausea, death
Air pollution (indoors)
Pollutants Combining to Form Other
Pollutants
• What are the two classifications of outdoor air pollutants?
• Primary and Secondary Pollutants
• What are primary pollutants?
• Chemicals or substances emitted directly into the air from
natural processes and human activities.
• What are secondary pollutants?
• Produced when primary pollutants react with one another
and/or with natural components of the air to form harmful
chemicals.
• Which areas tend to have more outdoor pollutants: urban
or rural and why?
• Urban because greater concentration of factories and cars.
What is primary pollutants
chemicals or substance emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities
secondary pollutants
while in atmosphere some primary pollutants react wiht one another and with other natural components of air to form new harmful chemicals
How can indoor air pollution be prevented
ban indoor smoking
set stricter formaldehyde emission standards for carpet, furniture, and buiilding materials
prevent radon inflitration
use less polluting cleaning agents, paints, and other products