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Flashcards in Yolo TIMES :D Deck (22)
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1
Q

What is acid deposition and what effect does it have on the environment

A

Wet deposition – acidic rain, snow, fog, and cloud vapor with pH of less
than 5.6 (Falls further from the source)
• Dry deposition – consisting of acidic particles. (Falls closer to the source.)
• Acid deposition is a combination of the two. (Acid deposition = ‘acid rain’)

bad for soil and damage crops, worst case in China because they produce the moost NOx or SOx

2
Q

What are carcinogens (examples names)

A

Cancer causing toxins ( contain certain viruspromote cancer a disease maligant cells multiply uncontrollably and create tumors)
Examples: PCBs (polychlorinated blyphsis), arsenic, benzene, gamma radiation, tobacco smoke, UV, vinyl chloride

3
Q

What are advantages and disadvantage of recycling goods

A

.

4
Q

What is the best way to deal with solid waste

A

.

5
Q

What is trash incinerator? What are the advantages and disadvantages of dealing with waste using an incinerator

A

.

6
Q

How can indoor air pollution be prevented

A

.

7
Q

What is photochemical smog? What substance make up photochemical smog? Where is photochemical smog located

A

How does photochemical smog form?
• Large amounts of NO and VOCs are in the air, NO converted
to NO2, exposed to UV light, NO2 reacts with VOCs.
• What is photochemical smog composed of?
• Mixture of ozone, nitric acid, aldehydes, peroxyacyl nitrates
and other secondary pollutants.
• What climates tend to have worse photochemical smog?
• Sunny, warm and dry

8
Q

What technique are used to remove SOx NOx and particulates from the smoke of power plants

A

.

9
Q

What are nonpoint sources?

A

Sources that are broad and diffuse areas, rather
than points, from which pollutants enter bodies
of surface water or air.
• What are examples of nonpoint sources?
• Runoff of chemical and sediment from cropland,
livestock feedlots

10
Q

What are some harmful effects of acid deposition?

A

• Damage statues and buildings, human respiratory diseases,
leach toxic metals from soils and rocks into lakes and
drinking water.
• Harms ecosystems. Kills fish.
• Harms crops.
• Leaches Ca and Mg from forest soils. Releasing aluminum,
lead, mercury and cadmium ions from the soil where they
damage tree roots.

11
Q

What are photochemical reactions

A

activated by light

VOC reacts with NOx + heat+ light

12
Q

What diseases can be transmitted from contaminated drinking water

A

Typhoid fever, cholera, bacterial dysentery,

enteritis, infections hepatitis, poliomyltitis

13
Q

How can the following factors affect toxicity?

A

Dose
 How much is ingested or absorbed
 Genetic makeup
 Can determine how sensitive someone is
 Body’s detoxification systems work
 How well liver, lungs, and kidneys work
 Solubility
 Water soluble – Travels through water and affects aqueous solutions
surrounding cells
 Fat soluble – Accumulates in body tissues and cells
 Persistence
 Chemical’s resistance to breaking down
 Biological Magnification
 Animals higher in the food chain will experience magnified results of
eating animals containing fat-soluble chemicals.

14
Q

Where can PCB be found” what are the effect on a person health

A

Found everywhere, takes a long time to break down
Health effects include:
Cause liver and other cancers
 Learning disabilities due to fetal exposure

15
Q

Where can Lead be found and the effect on a person’s health?

A

.can be found in air, water, soil , plant, and animals

– does not break down in environment,
harm the nevrous system especially young children,
acute lead posioning, paralysis, blindness, mental retradation, heating damage, headaches, behaviour disorder only for young pple

16
Q

What effect can exposure to mercury have?

A

Long-term exposure permanent damage to
nervous system, kidneys and lungs
 Low levels can cause birth defects

17
Q

Where are mercury found?

A
How does mercury get into the air?
 Rocks, soil, and volcanoes and vaporized
from ocean. (1/3 in environment)
 Human activities: Burning coal, waste
incinerators, etc (2/3 in environment)

Fishes is a hot spot, Artic because
 Many animals live there that are at the
top of food chains and mercury
bioaccumulates in these top feeders: they overall eat the fish that contain mercury and it just spread.

18
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

What is carbon monoxide (CO)?
• Colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas
• What are sources of carbon monoxide?
• Motor vehicle exhaust, burning of forests and
grasslands, smokestacks of fossil fuel-burning plants,
etc.
• Why is carbon monoxide a concern?
• Combines with hemoglobin in red blood sells which
reduces ability of blood to transport oxygen. Long
term- can trigger heart attacks, asthma, and
emphysema. Great quantity over short time:
headache, nausea, death

19
Q

Air pollution (indoors)

A

Pollutants Combining to Form Other
Pollutants
• What are the two classifications of outdoor air pollutants?
• Primary and Secondary Pollutants
• What are primary pollutants?
• Chemicals or substances emitted directly into the air from
natural processes and human activities.
• What are secondary pollutants?
• Produced when primary pollutants react with one another
and/or with natural components of the air to form harmful
chemicals.
• Which areas tend to have more outdoor pollutants: urban
or rural and why?
• Urban because greater concentration of factories and cars.

20
Q

What is primary pollutants

A

chemicals or substance emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities

21
Q

secondary pollutants

A

while in atmosphere some primary pollutants react wiht one another and with other natural components of air to form new harmful chemicals

22
Q

How can indoor air pollution be prevented

A

ban indoor smoking
set stricter formaldehyde emission standards for carpet, furniture, and buiilding materials
prevent radon inflitration
use less polluting cleaning agents, paints, and other products