You are not alone L1 Flashcards
what is the structure of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes
simpler than eukaryotes
what are spores like
Highly-resistant, long-lived forms
how are spores destroyed
Heat resistant – requires 121oC for 15mins in moist heat to destroy
what are spores resistant to
Resistant to many antimicrobial agents – even if original cell was not
what is spore germination
loss of spore-specific properties, is an essentially biophysical process
what are viruses
Inert particles – require living cell to replicate
what is a microorganism
any microscopic organism, although does not always obey size rules – same for viruses. In all environments are vital in everyday life
what is the microflora for
to keep healthy
where shouldn’t microbes be
- Skin (and other epithelial barriers – linings of lungs and GI-tract) should be a barrier
- Everything underneath should be sterile – muscle, blood, bone, spinal fluid, internal tissues
When are not sterile it is a sign of disease
where do we get microbes from
food
people
environment
how do we infect ourself
Can get diseases from your own flora if it gets into the wrong place
e.g. Escherichia coli which is naturally found in the gastrointestinal tract gets into the urinary tract causing infections of the bladder (cystitis) and kidneys
what is the first stage of sporulation cycle
asymmetric cell division: commitment to sporulation
what is stage 2 of sporulation cycle
prespore formed
engulfment
what is stage 3 of sporulation cycle
cortex formation
what is stage 4 of sporulation cycle
spore coat
calcium (Ca2+) uptake
SASPs
dipicolinic acid
