Zoology 1

Question 1

what is a model organism?

Answer 1

a species that has been widely studied

Question 2

what significant features do all animals share

Answer 2

multicellular eukaryotes
development features
symmetry

Question 3

what are the two different mechanisms of cleavage

Answer 3

spiral

radial

Question 4

what are the three cell layers

Answer 4

ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

Question 5

what does the ectoderm form

Answer 5

outside skin and nervous system

Question 6

what does the endoderm form

Answer 6

gut

Question 7

what does the mesoderm form

Answer 7

becomes muscles

Question 8

what do hox genes do

Answer 8

aid development

Question 9

what does acoemolate mean

Answer 9

no cavity

Question 10

what does pseudocoelomate mean

Answer 10

cavity filled with large cells

Question 11

what does coelomate mean

Answer 11

fluid filled cavity lined with epithelia

Question 12

what was the relatively rapid invention of most animals called and when was it

Answer 12

cambrian explosion

540-490mya

Question 13

what is the name of the non-animal organism likely to be related to animals

Answer 13

choanoflagellate

Question 14

what is the phyla of the sponges called

Answer 14

porifera

Question 15

what does porifera mean

Answer 15

pore-bearer

Question 16

what kind of cells do sponges have

Answer 16

choanocytes

Question 17

where does water enter and leave from in a sponge

Answer 17

enters in ostia, leaves through osculum

Question 18

what do sponges synthesise to protect themselves from predators

Answer 18

oxylipins

Question 19

what are the three classes of sponge

Answer 19

demospongia (socially bound sponge)
calcarea (calcareaous sponge)
hexactinellida (glass sponge)

Question 20

what is a ctenophora

Answer 20

a comb jelly

Question 21

what specialised cells do ctenophora have

Answer 21

ctenes - cells with plates of cilia for movement

Question 22

what are the 4 classes within cnidaria

Answer 22

anthozoa
hydrozoa
scyphozoa
cubozoa

Question 23

what are the anthozoa

Answer 23

sea anemones, corals

Question 24

what type of specialised cells do cnidaria have

Answer 24

cnidocytes - stinging cells to catch prey

Question 25

what are the 2 life stages of cnidaria

Answer 25

polyp and medusa

Question 26

what kind of animals are the hydrozoa

Answer 26

hydra, obelia

Question 27

what does 'scyphozoa' mean

Answer 27

cup shaped

Question 28

what does 'cubozoa' mean

Answer 28

box shaped

Question 29

what does protostome mean

Answer 29

first mouth

Question 30

what are the two groups of protostomes

Answer 30

lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa

Question 31

what is a lophophore

Answer 31

a feeding structure

Question 32

what is a trochophore

Answer 32

a band of beating cilia for movement

Question 33

give an example of a bryozoa

Answer 33

plumatella

Question 34

what does brachiopoda mean and give an example

Answer 34

arm-foot | lamp shells

Question 35

what does rotifera mean

Answer 35

wheel bearer

Question 36

give an example of a rotifera

Answer 36

euchlanis

Question 37

what are the 4 classes of platyhelminthes

Answer 37

turbellaria trematoda monogenea cestoda

Question 38

which class was described as 'immortal under a knife'

Answer 38

turbellaria

Question 39

what is the secondary host and what is the definitive host of the turbellaria

Answer 39

``` secondary = snail definitive = human ```

Question 40

what is a cestoda and what does it mean

Answer 40

a tapeworm | means 'belt'

Question 41

what are the body segments of cestoda called

Answer 41

proglottids

Question 42

what is a nemertea

Answer 42

bootlace worm

Question 43

what do they feed with

Answer 43

hollow proboscis from rhynocoel - everted by hydrostatic pressure

Question 44

what is and annelida

Answer 44

segmented worm

Question 45

what kind of muscles do they have

Answer 45

longitudinal and circular

Question 46

what class do earthworms belong to

Answer 46

oligochaeta

Question 47

what is the thickened segment at the front of the earthworm called

Answer 47

clitellum

Question 48

what class do leeches belong to

Answer 48

hirudinea

Question 49

how many jaws does a leech have

Answer 49

3

Question 50

what class do bristle worms belong to

Answer 50

polychaeta

Question 51

what is a parapodia

Answer 51

a lateral outgrowth on a bristle worm for gas exchange

Question 52

what does the chemical bonellin do

Answer 52

the green spoon worm (Bonellia) is female, bonellin release changes a smaller female to a male for sexual reproduction

Question 53

how does Epitoky reproduce

Answer 53

segments swell and fill with gametes and split off (sometimes whole worm becomes epitoke)

Question 54

what is the ratio of external segments to internal segments in a leech

Answer 54

102:32

Question 55

what does mollusc mean

Answer 55

soft

Question 56

what is the basic body plan of a mollusc (3 things)

Answer 56

foot mantle visceral mass

Question 57

what does the mantle enclose and what does it contain

Answer 57

``` the mantle cavity contains ctenidia (comb gills) ```

Question 58

what structure do molluscs use for feeding

Answer 58

radula

Question 59

what are the 4 classes of mollusca

Answer 59

polyplacophora gastropoda bivalvia cephalopoda

Question 60

what does gastropoda mean and what species belong in this class

Answer 60

stomach foot | slugs and snails

Question 61

what do cone snails have for defense/to kill prey

Answer 61

weaponised radula

Question 62

what does bivalvia mean and what species belong in this class

Answer 62

two shells | mussels, clams, scallops

Question 63

what does cephalopod mean and what species belong in this class

Answer 63

head foot | octopus, squid

Question 64

what generates camouflage in cephalopods

Answer 64

chromatophores

Question 65

what animal has an internal buoyancy device

Answer 65

cuttlefish

Question 66

what is the major body cavity of (most) molluscs

Answer 66

haemocoel

Question 67

what does ecdysis mean

Answer 67

'to get out of'

Question 68

what phyla do round worms belong to and what are two examples of them

Answer 68

nematoda | ascaris, caenorhabditis

Question 69

what is the nematode's body cavity

Answer 69

pseudocoel

Question 70

what is cryptobiosis

Answer 70

suspension of metabolic activity in adverse conditions

Question 71

what does eutely mean

Answer 71

each member of the species has the same number of cells

Question 72

give an example of tardigrada

Answer 72

macrobiotus

Question 73

what does onychophora mean and what kind of animal are they

Answer 73

claw bearers | velvet worms

Question 74

which phyla have the most species

Answer 74

arthropods and molluscs

Question 75

which phyla have the most individual animals

Answer 75

nematoda

Question 76

what does arthropod mean

Answer 76

jointed feet

Question 77

what kind of symmetry do arthropods exhibit

Answer 77

bilateral symmetry

Question 78

what does metamorphosis mean

Answer 78

non-adult form is different to adult form

Question 79

what is the arthropod body divided into

Answer 79

cephalothorax and abdomen

Question 80

what are the 3 classes of crustacea

Answer 80

branchiopoda maxillopoda malacostraca

Question 81

what does malacostraca mean

Answer 81

soft shell

Question 82

what is the common name for Armadillidium

Answer 82

woodlouse

Question 83

what does branchiopoda mean and name two examples

Answer 83

gill foot | daphnia and triops

Question 84

what class do barnacles belong to

Answer 84

maxillopoda

Question 85

what kind of limbs do crustacea have

Answer 85

biramous

Question 86

what does myriapod mean

Answer 86

10 thousand feet

Question 87

how many antennae do myriapods have

Answer 87

one pair

Question 88

what kind of rhythm do myriapoda move by

Answer 88

metachronal rhythm

Question 89

what kind of lungs do spiders have

Answer 89

book lung

Question 90

what is the binomial name for horseshoe crabs

Answer 90

limulus

Question 91

what are the classes of chelicerata

Answer 91

aranea - spiders scorpione - scorpions opilione - harvestmen acarina - ticks and mites

Question 92

in arachnids, what are the chelicerae and pedipalps for

Answer 92

chelicerae - fangs | pedipalp - sensory and handling

Question 93

what is a lyriform organ

Answer 93

grooves connected to nerve endings in many spiders used for hearing

Question 94

name a species of scorpion

Answer 94

andronectus

Question 95

what is an ixode

Answer 95

a tick