Zoonoses Flashcards
What are the reservoir animals + route of transmission of Campylobacter?
Usually Poultry + Cattle
Transmission through contraminated food (chicken breast)
What is the presentation + investigation for campylobacter?
What is the management?
Diarrhoea, Bloating + Cramps
Diagnosed with stool cultures
Managed with supportive treatment
What are the reservoir animals + route of transmission of Salmonella?
Poultry
Reptiles/ Amphibians
Transmission
- contaminated food
-poor hand hygiene
What is the management of Salmnonella infection?
Supportive
Ciprofloxacin
Azytrhomycin
What are the reservoir animals + route of transmission of Bartonella hensalae?
Cats (Kittens >Cats)
Transmission via
- scratches, bites, licks of open wounds
- fleas
What two diseases does Bartonella henselae cause?
Cat Scratch Disease
Bacillary angiomatosis
What is the presentation of cat scratch disease?
Which pathogen causes it?
Macule at site of innoculation
becomes pustular
regular adenopathy
systemic symptoms (fever, malaise)
Bartonella henselae - gram -ve aerobus bacillus
How would you diagnose cat scratch disease?
What is the managemnet?
Diagnosis via serology
Managed with Erythromycin/ Doxycycline (although usually is self-limiting)
What is bacilliary angiomatosis?
Disease caused in immunocompromised patients by bartonella henselae (cats)
Produces skin papules + disseminated multi-organ and vascular involvement
How is bacilliary angiomatosis diagnosed and managed?
Histopathology
Serology
Erythromycin or doxycycline
PLUS rifampicin
What are the reservoir animals + route of transmission of toxoplasmosis?
Cats and Sheep
Transmission via infected meat or faecal contamination
What is the clinical presentation of toxoplasmosis?
In pregnancy for foetus
- still-birth
- progressive visual, hearing, motor and cognitive issues
- seizures
- neuropathies
Mother
- fever
- adenopathy
How is toxoplasmosis investigated? How is it clinically managed?
Serology
Management
- Spiramycin
- Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine
What are the reservoir animals + route of transmission of Brucelliosis?
Cattle + Goats
Trasmission
- Unpastuerised mik
- undercooked meat (food)
- Mucosal splash
- aerosolisation/inhalation (direct contact)
How does brucelliosis usually present?
undulant fever (peaks in evening),
myalgia,
arthritis,
epididymo-orchitis
spinal tenderness,
Focal abscess formation, e.g.
- psoas
- hepatosplenomegaly (liver etc)
What investigations would you do in someone with susptected brucelliosis?
Blood/pus cultures of abscesses
Serology: anti-O-polysaccharide antibody. WCC usually normal / neutropenia
What is the management of Brucelliosis?
4-6wks doxycycline + streptomycin
(Doxycyline + Gentamycin OR Rifampicin)
What are complications of Brucelliosis?
endocarditis
osteomyelitis
meningoencephalitis
What pathogen is Q fever trasmitted by?
Coxiella burnetii
What are the reservoir animals + route of transmission of Q-fever?
Goats, Sheep, Cattle
Trasmission
aerosilatation/inhalation of secretions, waste or mild of infected animals (open barns)
unpasteurised milk
What is the clinical presentation of Q-fever?
atypical pneumonia (dry cough, fever), no rash
- fever, flu-like illness
- endocardidits, hepatitis, focal abscesses
How would you investigate and manage Q fever?
Q Fever= transmitted by coxiella brunetti
Investigation: Serology
Management: Doxycycline (+/- Hydroxycloroquine)
What are the reservoir animals + route of transmission of Rabies?
Common but most common
* dogs, cats, bats
transmission:
* bites
* scratches
* contact with infected fluids
What is the clinical presentation of rabies?
a. Prodrome – fever, headache, sore throat
b. Acute encephalitis (hyperactive state) (with hydrophobia)
c. Migration to CNS (after months – yrs)→fatal encephalitis, hypersalivation,
hydrophobia
