Zoonotic Infections Flashcards
(20 cards)
Zoonotic Bacteria
animal vs non-animal vector:
Bartonella henselae:
causes:
also rare cause of 2 things:
hallmark:
Treatment:
Cat Scratch Fever
Cat scratch (almost always a child) • Red, swollen area 3-10 days later • Regional lymphadenopathy (hallmark of disease) • Tender, red lymph nodes
Bacillary Angiomatosis (vascular lesions) • Diffuse skin papules in AIDS patients • Often mistaken for Kaposi Sarcoma
Endocarditis (rare cause, culture negative)
Treatment: Doxycycline, Azithromycin
key differences between Kaposi Sarcoma & Bacillary Angiomatosis (BA)
similar appearances, aids patients, but kaposi caused by HHV 8
Kaposi Sarcoma: Lymphocytes
BA: Neutrophils/lymphocytes
8 Granulomatous Infections: including prototype & that which causes Granulomatosis Infantiseptica
Tuberculosis* prototype
Fungal pneumonias (Histo, Blasto, Coccidio)
Bartonella (cat scratch disease)
Brucella
Listeria in infants (Granulomatosis Infantiseptica)
Leprosy
Schistosomiasis (worm)
Syphilis (gummas)
Brucella
Lives in:
causes:
Classic patients:
Treatment:
Lives in cows, goats • Infection from unpasteurized milk or animal exposure
Brucellosis (aka undulant fever) • Flu-like illness • High fever that rises and falls • Profuse sweating
Classic patients: • Worker in meat packing plant • Traveler from Mexico who consumed milk/cheese
Treatment: Doxycycline + streptomycin/rifampin
Chlamydophila psittaci causes: from: classsic patient/symptoms:
treatment:
Psittacosis • Parrot fever Infection from inhalation dried feces
Classic patient: Pet store employee • Fever, headache, and dry cough
Treatment: Doxycycline
Coxiella burnetii causes: from:
unique feature:
classic scenerio b/c:
symptoms:
diagnosis:
treatment:
Q fever
Farm animals: cattle, goats, sheep
Forms spores that get inhaled • High concentrations in placenta of infected animals CLASSIC SCENERIO: farm worker delivering cow babies gets sick • Symptoms • Pneumonia with flu symptoms (fever, headache, myalgias) • Endocarditis
Diagnosis: Serology (antibodies)
Treatment: Doxycycline
Coxiella burnetii causes: from:
Bartonella causes: from:
what to know about these two:
Coxiella burnetii • Q fever • Farm animals (cattle, sheep, goats)
Bartonella • Cat scratch fever • Cat fleas
culture negative endocarditis: Evidence of endocarditis with sterile BCx
Francisella tularensis
causes:
hallmark sign:
treatment:
Tularemia (Rabbit fever),
Ulceroglandular tularemia (most common form) Fever, chills malaise • Classically the fever abates for few days, returns • Skin ulcer at site of insect bite • Swollen, painful lymph nodes
Important reservoirs: Ticks, deer flies, rabbits
Treatment: Streptomycin (Doxycycline okay, too)
Pasteurella think of: because of where it lives:
key infections:
treatment:
Lives in mouth of cats and dogs
Infection: Cat/dog bites or scratches • Key infections: • Cellulitis • Osteomyelitis
Bite wounds usually polymicrobial (S. Aureus)
Broad spectrum empiric therapy
Amoxicillin-clavulanate (oral)
Ampicillin-sulbactam (IV)
Piperacillin-tazobactam (IV)
Leptospira interrogans
classic case & treatment:
Lives in rodents → shed in urine • Illness commonly from contaminated water • Classic case is surfer or swimmer in tropics
Treatment: Doxycycline or Azithromycin
Ehrlichia
vector/resevoir:
key micriobio detail:
causes: symptoms:
diagnosis:
treatment:
Tick-borne illness (vector: Lone Star tick)
White tail deer are principal reservoir
Obligate intracellular bacteria • “Berry like” inclusions in monocytes (morulae)
Ehrlichiosis Symptoms • Flu-like illness • Leukopenia • Thrombocytopenia
Diagnosis: Giemsa stain, serology
Treatment: Doxycycline
Anaplasma similar to:
Anaplasmosis
Bacteria very similar to Ehrlichia • Morula seen in granulocytes (not monocytes)
Tick vector: Ixodes scapularis (not Lone Star tick)
Similar symptoms, treatments to Ehrlichiosis • Fever, joint pains • Low WBCs, platelets
Blood smear: granulocytes (not monocytes) with inclusions
Lyme disease treatment:
• Treatment: Doxycycline or Ceftriaxone
Rickettsia and Chlamydia are both:
Obligate intracellular bacteria • Use host ATP
Three subtypes of Rickettsia
all infections occur from:
R. rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)
R. typhi (Murine typhus)
R. prowazekii (Epidemic typhus)
• All infections occur from ticks-fleas-lice
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
caused by:
transmission:
triad of symptoms: including hallmark rash
rare complications
treatment:
Rickettsia rickettsii
- Transmitted by tick bite
- Triad: Headache, fever, rash Maculopapular rash • Starts wrists/ankles → spreads to trunk, palms, soles
Rare complications: • Encephalitis • Seizures • DIC
• Treatment: Doxycycline
Murine Typhus
caused by:
aka:
reservoir/vector:
common in:
symptoms:
treatment:
Rickettsia typhi
Also called “endemic” typhus
Reservoir: Rats • Transmitted from rat fleas
Common in developing world • Flu-like illness • Rash (<50%) • Maculopapular • Starts in trunk spreads out
Treatment: Doxycycline
Epidemic Typhus
caused by:
transmission:
symptoms:
treatment:
Rickettsia prowazekii
Some outbreaks in Africa during civil wars • Transmitted by body louse • Body louse lives on skin/clothes • Eggs laid on clothes and hatch • Larvae suck blood • During meal, louse defecates highly infective feces • Rickettsia in louse feces introduced to skin/membranes
Fever, chills, headaches, malaise • Maculopapular rash • Starts in trunk spreads out can progress→Confusion, seizures, coma • Treatment: Doxycycline
Yersinia pestis
causes:
resevoir:
symptoms:
treatment:
Bubonic Plague
Reservoir: rats, sometimes squirrels or prairie dogs • Humans get disease from rat flea bites Human to human spread via respiratory droplets
Fever, chills, headache • Intense pain/swelling of a lymph node area (bubo)
Buboes: • Exquisite tenderness • Erythema and edema of overlying skin • Inguinal region most frequent (“bubo” = Greek word “groin”)
Treatment: Streptomycin (Doxycycline okay, too)
