zoonotic viral diseases Flashcards
- What are zoonotic viruses,
zoonotic- normally exiat in animal reservoirs, when transmitted to humans cause disease
- Describe factors that contribute to the emergence or re-emergence of zoonotic viruses.
globalization and rapid air travel altered eco-systems expanding populations, mega cities, poverty microbial evolution deforestation environmental change
viral genetic changes
human susceptibility
- Be aware of the epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of zoonotic viral diseases present in Colorado (Rabies virus, Sin Nombre virus, Colorado Tick Fever virus, West Nile virus). Note: some of these are covered in the Arboviruses lecture.
rabies- bats and skunks
eastern portion of state
animals to humans, no human human transmission
*rabies
sin nombre
west nile
animal to human and limited human to human
lassa fever machupo *ebola marburg nipah monkeypox
originate in anmilas but can cause self sustaining human to human
influenza SARS *HIV *Dengue Zika Chikungunya
Rabies
prolonged incubation phase- 3 months (post exposure prophylaxis
uniformly fatal doesnt need to be reported mostly do to dog bit asia and africa poverty immunization post exposure prophylactic
rabies characterisitcs
rhabdoviridae
-ssRNA non-semented
envelope
bullet shaped
rabies clinical manifestations
furious/ encephalitic -cant swallow -scared of water/cant drink water hallucination hypersalivation brainstem dysfucntion coma death
Paralytic form
- quadriparesis
- multiple organ failure
- death
rabies pathogenesis
inoculated into tissue, repliocates in wound
retrograde in PNS–>CNS
when sx happen its too late
post exposure prophylaxis
wash wound with soap because of virus
human rabies virus Ig
rabies vaccine 4 doses in two weeks
HAntavirus
bunyavirus
segmented negative sense ssRNA
virus in urine that is aerosilized
- hemmorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
- hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
Sin Nombre
deer mouse, pulmonary syndrome
fever, myalgia, HA
cough, pulmonary failure
high fatality
low platelet count
neutrophilia
elevated LDH and AST
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
prodrome- severe myalgia, nonspecific
tachypnea tachycardia pulmonary edema rales hypotension shock
Hanta virus treatment
supportive care, oxygen
assited respiration
